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Homocysteine Defense

Source Naturals
4.6
★ ★ ★ ★ ★
(3702 ratings)
Vitamin B6 50 mg
Vitamin B12 500 mcg
Product Image
Score78
A substantial, economical betaine formula with useful cofactors, but conventional forms and high B6 limit routine long-term use.
How scoring works
Quantity:120 Tablet(s) • (60 servings)
Goals:
Heart Health
Cardiovascular Support
Cognitive Support
Brain Health
Energy
General Health
Mood Support

Score 78

A substantial, economical betaine formula with useful cofactors, but conventional forms and high B6 limit routine long-term use.
How scoring works
$12.83($0.21 per serving)
Vitacost
$ 14.23
Amazon
$ 33.99
Pure Formulas
$ 12.83
iHerb
$ 13.92
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Analysis

One gram of trimethylglycine provides a substantial methyl-donor component. Folate, B12, and vitamin B6 supply the main supporting cofactors in clearly stated amounts.

Pyridoxine hydrochloride and cyanocobalamin are less metabolically direct than P-5-P and methylcobalamin. The 50 mg B6 amount also creates a cumulative exposure concern during prolonged daily use.

The two-tablet serving offers good value for a focused betaine formula. It best suits adults with a specific methylation goal rather than those looking for broad everyday B-complex nutrition.

Who is it for
  • Adults seeking betaine with B vitamins
  • People focused on homocysteine metabolism
  • Users comfortable with a two-tablet serving
Best for
  • Methylation support
  • Trimethylglycine intake
  • Focused cardiovascular nutrient support

Pros

  • Provides one gram of trimethylglycine
  • Clear active amounts
  • Good serving value

Cons

  • Uses pyridoxine hydrochloride
  • Uses cyanocobalamin
  • Folate form is unspecified

Warnings

  • Long-term daily use of 50 mg vitamin B6 may cause tingling or numbness
  • Avoid combining with other high-B6 supplements
  • People using folate-antagonist medication should review the folate amount with their prescriber

Nutrient quality

73 High impact

Pyridoxine, folic acid or unspecified folate, and cyanocobalamin are conventional rather than metabolically direct forms. The main B vitamins and supporting nutrients are present at purposeful amounts.

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Ingredient transparency

83 Highest impact

Every listed active has a specific amount. A complete excipient list is not available in the supplied data.

.

Customer satisfaction

74 High impact

The average rating is strong. The large rating volume provides a reliable satisfaction signal.

.

Value for money

80 Highest impact

The supply provides reasonable value per effective serving. The formula is not inflated by low-value extras.

.
Report analysis

Goals

Heart Health
Heart Health
Impact
Highest effect
B+ Goal FitB+ Strength of SupportB CoverageA+ Formula Quality
Vitamin B12 · 500 mcgVitamin B6 · 50 mgFolate · 1360 mcg DFE

Folate, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, and trimethylglycine form a focused homocysteine-support formula. The one-gram trimethylglycine amount and substantial vitamin doses create meaningful pathway depth.

Folate subtype is not identified, B12 uses cyanocobalamin, and the 50 mg B6 amount is higher than needed for routine use. Long-term vitamin B6 intake at this level can increase neuropathy risk, especially when combined with other B6 supplements.

Study evidence
Folate Supportive 116 studies
Vitamin B12 No effect 42 studies
Vitamin B6 Supportive 44 studies
Cardiovascular Support
Cardiovascular Support
Impact
Highest effect
A- Goal FitB+ Strength of SupportC+ CoverageA Formula Quality
Vitamin B12 · 500 mcgVitamin B6 · 50 mgFolate · 1360 mcg DFE

Vitamin B6, folate, B12, and trimethylglycine form a targeted homocysteine-metabolism formula. Their amounts are meaningful, and the combination follows a clear biochemical pathway.

Folic acid, cyanocobalamin, and pyridoxine are less preferred than active coenzyme forms. Continued daily intake of 50 mg vitamin B6 may cause nerve symptoms during prolonged use, especially with other B6 sources.

Study evidence
Folate Supportive 93 studies
Vitamin B12 No effect 33 studies
Vitamin B6 Supportive 35 studies
Cognitive Support
Cognitive Support
Impact
High effect
B Goal FitB Strength of SupportC CoverageA Formula Quality
Vitamin B6 · 50 mgFolate · 1360 mcg DFEVitamin B12 · 500 mcg

Vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, and trimethylglycine work together to support homocysteine metabolism and neurotransmitter-related nutrition. The pathway is relevant to long-term brain health, especially when vitamin status or homocysteine is suboptimal.

The formula does not provide immediate focus support, brain-membrane nutrients, or adaptogens, and benefits may be limited when baseline status is already adequate. Prolonged daily use of the high vitamin B6 amount may cause sensory nerve symptoms such as tingling or numbness in susceptible users.

Study evidence
Folate Supportive 68 studies
Vitamin B12 Disputed 84 studies
Vitamin B6 Supportive 17 studies
Brain Health
Brain Health
Impact
High effect
B Goal FitB- Strength of SupportB- CoverageB+ Formula Quality
Folate · 1360 mcg DFEVitamin B12 · 500 mcgVitamin B6 · 50 mg

B vitamins and betaine provide meaningful support for methylation, homocysteine control, neurotransmitter production, and nerve maintenance. The formula is more foundational than directly nootropic, but its pathways are relevant to long-term brain health.

Cyanocobalamin and pyridoxine are less active forms than methylcobalamin and pyridoxal phosphate. Long-term use of 50 mg vitamin B6 may cause nerve symptoms in susceptible users, especially alongside other B6 supplements.

Study evidence
Folate Supportive 90 studies
Vitamin B12 Supportive 74 studies
Vitamin B6 Supportive 29 studies
Energy
Energy
Impact
High effect
B Goal FitB- Strength of SupportC+ CoverageA Formula Quality
Vitamin B12 · 500 mcg

Vitamin B6, folate, B12, and trimethylglycine form a coherent methylation formula that may support energy when one of these nutrients is inadequate. The B12 amount exceeds the goal's functional threshold, while trimethylglycine provides meaningful depth for homocysteine metabolism.

Cyanocobalamin and pyridoxine are less preferred than active coenzyme forms. Long-term intake of the high vitamin B6 amount may cause nerve symptoms in susceptible users, making duration and total B6 exposure important.

Study evidence
Vitamin B12 Disputed 14 studies
General Health
General Health
Impact
High effect
B+ Goal FitC+ Strength of SupportB- CoverageA- Formula Quality
Folate · 1360 mcg DFEVitamin B12 · 500 mcg

The combination is logically built around methylation and homocysteine metabolism rather than comprehensive daily nutrition. Folate, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, and betaine each contribute to that pathway.

Common basic vitamin forms and a swallowed tablet limit absorption advantages. The 50 mg vitamin B6 amount may raise the risk of nerve symptoms with prolonged use, particularly when combined with other B6 supplements.

Study evidence
Folate Supportive 80 studies
Vitamin B12 Adverse 66 studies

Ingredients

IngredientAmount per serving
Calories
5 Calorie(s)
Protein
1 Gram(s)
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine Hydrochloride)
 50 mg
Folate
1360 mcg DFE
Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)
 500 mcg
Calcium (Dibasic Calcium Phosphate)
 90 mg
Trimethylglycine
1 Gram(s)
Gluten Free Adults 18–50 Dairy Free Vegetarian
Report overview
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine Hydrochloride) · 50 mg OverallScore80
D+ Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityA+ Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyA+ Value

The B6 amount is well targeted and the two-tablet serving clearly identifies its chemical form. Pyridoxine hydrochloride is less metabolically ready than P-5-P, and no riboflavin cofactor is listed. The broader B-vitamin and betaine formula is inexpensive per serving and contains no specified problem additives in the supplied data.

View ingredientView products
Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin) · 500 mcg OverallScore50
F Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityB Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyD- Value
+1

The B12 amount offers more than basic maintenance but falls short of high-dose support for greater needs. Cyanocobalamin is clearly disclosed, yet it is not a bioactive coenzyme form, and the swallowed tablet may be less suitable for people with absorption problems. The daily serving also supplies 50 mg of vitamin B6, so prolonged use may raise the risk of nerve symptoms in susceptible users.

View ingredientView products
Loading alternative details
82 Performance

BioActive Vitamin B

Terry Naturally
<p>Active forms of vitamin B6, methylcobalamin, and methylfolate preserve the original product’s main nutrient coverage in a concise formula. Compared with the original, the provided B6, B12, and several goal analyses are strong, although products containing trimethylglycine provide broader homocysteine-focused support.</p>
89 Performance

Methyl B-12 1000 mcg & Methyl Folate 400 mcg plus P-5-P Lemon Flavor

Jarrow Formulas
<p>Methylcobalamin, folate, and pyridoxal 5-phosphate retain all three core B nutrients with clear amounts. Compared with the original, the provided overall, B12, general-health, and energy analyses are strong, but the B6 amount is much lower than in the original formulas.</p>
89 Performance

P-5-P 50 mg

Country Life
<p>Pyridoxal 5-phosphate gives this single-nutrient option a clearly disclosed active B6 form. Compared with the original, the provided B6 analysis is stronger, but the formula does not supply vitamin B12, folate, or trimethylglycine.</p>
86 Budget

Vitamin B12 2000 mcg

Nutricost
<p>A 2000 mcg methylcobalamin serving provides a clearly disclosed active vitamin B12 form. It has a lower serving cost, although the single-nutrient formula omits vitamin B6 and folate.</p>
86 Budget

Quick Dissolve B-12 Methylcobalamin 2500 mcg

Nature's Bounty
<p>A 2500 mcg methylcobalamin serving provides a clearly disclosed active vitamin B12 form. It has a lower serving cost, although the single-nutrient formula omits vitamin B6 and folate.</p>
87 Budget

Vitamin B-6 50 mg

Nature's Way
<p>The label lists vitamin B6 as both pyridoxal 5-phosphate and pyridoxine hydrochloride. It has a lower serving cost, although the formula omits vitamin B12 and folate, and the supplied listing repeats the amount across two B6 forms.</p>
81 Value

Tri-B

Carlson
<p>Vitamin B6, folate, and vitamin B12 preserve all three core nutrients with a favorable serving cost. Compared with the original, the broad nutrient match supports value, although pyridoxine and cyanocobalamin are less active forms than P5P and methylcobalamin.</p>
84 Value

P-5-P 50 mg

Nutricost
<p>A 50 mg pyridoxal 5-phosphate serving provides active B6 with strong disclosed B6 alignment and favorable serving economics. Compared with the original, it is a useful value choice when B6 is the priority, but it omits vitamin B12, folate, and trimethylglycine.</p>
85 Value

Sublingual Methylcobalamin 1000 mcg

Solgar
<p>A 1000 mcg methylcobalamin serving provides an active B12 form with strong disclosed B12 and goal alignment at a favorable serving cost. Compared with the original, it is a focused value option when B12 is the priority, but it omits vitamin B6, folate, and trimethylglycine.</p>
Report alternatives

Sources

Published studies used for the product analysis and the top-ranked studies for each ingredient and goal.

  1. B vitamins and prevention of cognitive decline and incident dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Wang Z; Zhu W; Xing Y; Jia J; Tang Y · Nutrition reviews · 2022
    Meta-analysis46,175 participants95 studies pooledBrain Health Cognitive Support forFolate
  2. Folate and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy has long-term effects on the attention system of 8.5-y-old offspring: a randomized controlled trial.
    Catena A; Muñoz-Machicao JA; Torres-Espínola FJ; Martínez-Zaldívar C; Diaz-Piedra C; Gil A; Haile G; Györei E; Molloy AM; Decsi T; Koletzko B; Campoy C · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2016
    Randomized trial136 participantsBrain Health forFolate
  3. Folic acid supplementation improves cognitive function in participants with cerebral small vascular disease-related cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial.
    Liu Y; Yu Z; Cai Z; Zhao L; Wang Y; Guo Y; Su X; Miao Y; Yi B; Wang Y; Zhang X · The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2025
    Randomized trial220 participantsBrain Health forFolate
  4. Circulating folate concentrations and the risk of mild cognitive impairment: A prospective study on the older Chinese population without folic acid fortification.
    Fu J; Liu Q; Zhu Y; Sun C; Duan H; Huang L; Zhou D; Wang Z; Zhao J; Li Z; Ma F; Li W; Liu H; Zhang X; Chen Y; Wang G; Du Y; Huang G · European journal of neurology · 2022
    Cohort study3,974 participantsBrain Health forFolate
  5. Normal-But-Low Serum Folate Levels and the Risks for Cognitive Impairment.
    Jang S; Han JW; Shin J; Kim TH; Kwak KP; Kim K; Kim BJ; Kim SG; Kim JL; Kim TH; Moon SW; Park JY; Park JH; Byun S; Suh SW; Seo J; So Y; Ryu SH; Youn JC; Lee KH; Lee DY; Lee DW; Lee SB; Lee JJ; Lee JR; Jeong H; Jeong HG; Jhoo JH; Han K; Hong JW; Kim KW · Psychiatry investigation · 2020
    Cohort study3,910 participantsBrain Health forFolate
  6. Relationship between vitamin B12 levels and motor development: A systematic review.
    Dos Santos MERA; da Silva KG; da Silva Souza AP; da Silva ABJ; da Silva RF; da Silva EHA; de Souza SL; Barros WMA · Clinical nutrition ESPEN · 2024
    Systematic review1,559 participants8 studies pooledBrain Health forVitamin B12
  7. Vitamin B12 supplementation improves cognitive function in middle aged and elderly patients with cognitive impairment.
    Zhou L; Bai X; Huang J; Tan Y; Yang Q · Nutricion hospitalaria · 2023
    Randomized trial115 participantsBrain Health Cognitive Support forVitamin B12
  8. Structural and Functional Brain Changes Associated with Vitamin B12 Deficiency using Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
    Alghamdi A · Current medical imaging · 2023
    Meta-analysis12 studies pooledBrain Health forVitamin B12
  9. Maternal vitamin B12, vitamin D, and folic acid status during pregnancy and child neurodevelopment: a systematic review.
    Franco L; de Andrade CVF; Margini LV; Sousa N · Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026
    Systematic review22 studies pooledBrain Health forVitamin B12
  10. Higher vitamin B12 from mid- to late life is related to slower rates of cognitive decline.
    Marino FR; Rogers G; Miller JW; Selhub J; Mez J; Crane PK; Mukherjee S; Saykin AJ; Hohman TJ; Trittschuh EH; Au R; Jacques PF; Hwang PH · Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
    Cohort study1,994 participantsBrain Health forVitamin B12
  11. Vitamin B12, B6, or Folate and Cognitive Function in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
    Zhang C; Luo J; Yuan C; Ding D · Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2021
    Meta-analysis21 studies pooledBrain Health forVitamin B6
  12. Relationship between serum pyridoxal 5'-phosphate concentration and cognitive function in older Japanese.
    Itoh K; Kuwabara A; Otsuka R; Sugimoto T; Sakurai T; Niida S; Ao M; Tanaka K; Takenaka S; Kanouchi H · Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition · 2025
    Cross-sectional study266 participantsBrain Health forVitamin B6
  13. A randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of pyridoxine and ascorbic acid on cognitive function and quality of life in post-menopausal women.
    Dhivya K; Sarumathy S; Manigandan G · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025
    Randomized trial180 participantsBrain Health forVitamin B6
  14. Lower Plasma Vitamin B-6 is Associated with 2-Year Cognitive Decline in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study.
    Palacios N; Scott T; Sahasrabudhe N; Gao X; Tucker KL · The Journal of nutrition · 2020
    Cohort study949 participantsBrain Health Cognitive Support forVitamin B6
  15. Are Dietary Supplements and Nutraceuticals Effective for Musculoskeletal Health and Cognitive Function? A Scoping Review.
    Iolascon G; Gimigliano R; Bianco M; De Sire A; Moretti A; Giusti A; Malavolta N; Migliaccio S; Migliore A; Napoli N; Piscitelli P; Resmini G; Tarantino U; Gimigliano F · The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2017
    Scoping review12 studies pooledBrain Health forVitamin B6
  16. Associations of dietary folate, vitamin B6 and B12 intake with cardiovascular outcomes in 115664 participants: a large UK population-based cohort.
    Zhang B; Dong H; Xu Y; Xu D; Sun H; Han L · European journal of clinical nutrition · 2023
    Cohort study115,664 participantsCardiovascular Support forFolate
  17. Folate, Homocysteine, and Adverse Outcomes After Ischemic Stroke.
    Shi M; Zheng J; Liu Y; Mao X; Wu X; Chu M; Niu H; Sun L; Chang X; He Y; Liu Y; Guo D; Zhang Y; Zhu Z; Zhao J · Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024
    Cohort study3,530 participantsCardiovascular Support forFolate
  18. Effect of folic acid on endothelial function following acute myocardial infarction.
    Moens AL; Claeys MJ; Wuyts FL; Goovaerts I; Van Hertbruggen E; Wendelen LC; Van Hoof VO; Vrints CJ · The American journal of cardiology · 2007
    Randomized trial40 participantsCardiovascular Support forFolate
  19. Folic acid enhances endothelial function and reduces blood pressure in smokers: a randomized controlled trial.
    Mangoni AA; Sherwood RA; Swift CG; Jackson SH · Journal of internal medicine · 2003
    Randomized trial24 participantsCardiovascular Support forFolate
  20. 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, the active form of folic acid, restores endothelial function in familial hypercholesterolemia.
    Verhaar MC; Wever RM; Kastelein JJ; van Dam T; Koomans HA; Rabelink TJ · Circulation · 1998
    Non-randomized trial20 participantsCardiovascular Support forFolate
  21. Vitamin B12 Status and Cardiovascular Risk: Novel Insights from NMR-Based Lipoprotein Profiling in 20,665 Adults.
    Eken Y; Tekin N; Şahin F; Tay İ; Yıldırım Saral N; Serteser M; Baykal AT · Journal of clinical medicine · 2026
    Cross-sectional study20,665 participantsCardiovascular Support Heart Health forVitamin B12
  22. Pregnancy Metal Mixtures and Blood Pressure and Hypertension in Mid-Life: A Prospective U.S. Cohort Study.
    Zhang M; Aris IM; Cardenas A; Rifas-Shiman SL; Lin PD; Ngo LH; Oken E; Hivert MF; Juraschek SP · Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2025
    Cohort study493 participantsCardiovascular Support forVitamin B12
  23. Vitamin B12 Deficiency, Hyperhomocysteinemia, and Diabetes as Metabolic Determinants of Cardiovascular Risk in Mexican Women.
    Ramirez-Villalobos MD; Monterrubio-Flores E; Marquez-Murillo M; Alcalde-Rabanal J; Shamah-Levy T; Perichart-Perera O; Macias-Morales N; Campos-Nonato I · Nutrients · 2025
    Cross-sectional study1,197 participantsCardiovascular Support forVitamin B12
  24. Impact of serum vitamin (Vitamin D, Vitamin B12) and trace element (Fe, Zn, Cu) levels on major adverse cardiovascular events and poor prognosis in STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI.
    Wang C; Liu D; Tang M; Liu J; Ma Y · Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition · 2026
    Cohort study202 participantsCardiovascular Support forVitamin B12
  25. Vasoplegic syndrome after cardiovascular surgery: A review of pathophysiology and outcome-oriented therapeutic management.
    Datt V; Wadhhwa R; Sharma V; Virmani S; Minhas HS; Malik S · Journal of cardiac surgery · 2021
    Systematic reviewCardiovascular Support forVitamin B12
  26. Association between serum pyridoxal 5'-phosphate levels and all-cause, cardiovascular mortality, and cardiovascular disease in adults: a population-based cohort study.
    Xuan C; Liu RH; Zhao C; Li J; Zhou TT; Tian QW; He GW · Therapeutic advances in chronic disease · 2024
    Cohort studyCardiovascular Support forVitamin B6
  27. Folate and vitamin B6 rapidly normalize endothelial dysfunction in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
    MacKenzie KE; Wiltshire EJ; Gent R; Hirte C; Piotto L; Couper JJ · Pediatrics · 2006
    Randomized trial124 participantsCardiovascular Support forVitamin B6
  28. Pyridoxine improves endothelial function in cardiac transplant recipients.
    Miner SE; Cole DE; Evrovski J; Forrest Q; Hutchison S; Holmes K; Ross HJ · The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation · 2001
    Randomized trial31 participantsCardiovascular Support forVitamin B6
  29. Folate and vitamin B6 from diet and supplements in relation to risk of coronary heart disease among women.
    Rimm EB; Willett WC; Hu FB; Sampson L; Colditz GA; Manson JE; Hennekens C; Stampfer MJ · JAMA · 1998
    Cohort study80,082 participantsCardiovascular Support Heart Health forVitamin B6
  30. Efficacy and safety of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (MC-1) in high-risk patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: the MEND-CABG II randomized clinical trial.
    MEND-CABG II Investigators; Alexander JH; Emery RW; Carrier M; Ellis SJ; Mehta RH; Hasselblad V; Menasche P; Khalil A; Cote R; Bennett-Guerrero E; Mack MJ; Schuler G; Harrington RA; Tardif JC · JAMA · 2008
    Randomized trial3,023 participantsCardiovascular Support forVitamin B6
  31. Effects of 6-Month Folic Acid Supplementation on Cognitive Function and Blood Biomarkers in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial in China.
    Ma F; Wu T; Zhao J; Han F; Marseglia A; Liu H; Huang G · The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2017
    Randomized trial180 participantsCognitive Support forFolate
  32. Serum folate and B12 levels in association with cognitive impairment among seniors: results from the VELESTINO study in Greece and meta-analysis.
    Michelakos T; Kousoulis AA; Katsiardanis K; Dessypris N; Anastasiou A; Katsiardani KP; Kanavidis P; Stefanadis C; Papadopoulos FC; Petridou ET · Journal of aging and health · 2013
    Meta-analysis8,122 participants9 studies pooledCognitive Support forFolate
  33. Homocysteine and folate as risk factors for dementia and Alzheimer disease.
    Ravaglia G; Forti P; Maioli F; Martelli M; Servadei L; Brunetti N; Porcellini E; Licastro F · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2005
    Cohort study816 participantsCognitive Support forFolate
  34. Folate mediates cognitive impairment of aged people with periodontitis.
    Liu F; Liu Y; Feng Y; Zhao J; Wang M; Ye M; Zhang Y; Gan X; Pan Q; Shen J · Nutritional neuroscience · 2025
    Cross-sectional study1,966 participantsCognitive Support forFolate
  35. Maternal Vitamin B12 Status During Pregnancy and Its Association With Outcomes of Pregnancy and Health of the Offspring: A Systematic Review and Implications for Policy in India.
    Behere RV; Deshmukh AS; Otiv S; Gupte MD; Yajnik CS · Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021
    Systematic review46 studies pooledCognitive Support forVitamin B12
  36. Effect of Maternal Vitamin B12 Supplementation on Cognitive Outcomes in South Indian Children: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.
    Thomas S; Thomas T; Bosch RJ; Ramthal A; Bellinger DC; Kurpad AV; Duggan CP; Srinivasan K · Maternal and child health journal · 2019
    Randomized trial218 participantsCognitive Support forVitamin B12
  37. Effects of Folic Acid and Vitamin B12, Alone and in Combination on Cognitive Function and Inflammatory Factors in the Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Single-blind Experimental Design.
    Ma F; Zhou X; Li Q; Zhao J; Song A; An P; Du Y; Xu W; Huang G · Current Alzheimer research · 2020
    Randomized trial240 participantsCognitive Support forVitamin B12
  38. Prenatal vitamin B12 status and cognitive functioning in children at 4 years of age: The ECLIPSES Study.
    Cruz-Rodríguez J; Canals-Sans J; Hernández-Martínez C; Voltas-Moreso N; Arija V · Maternal & child nutrition · 2023
    Cohort study249 participantsCognitive Support forVitamin B12
  39. Safety and Efficacy of High-Dose Vitamin B6 as an Adjunctive Treatment for Antipsychotic-Induced Hyperprolactinemia in Male Patients With Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia.
    Zhuo C; Xu Y; Wang H; Fang T; Chen J; Zhou C; Li Q; Liu J; Xu S; Yao C; Yang W; Yang A; Li B; Chen Y; Tian H; Lin C · Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021
    Randomized trial200 participantsCognitive Support forVitamin B6
  40. Associations between dietary B vitamin intakes and cognitive function among elderly individuals: An observational study.
    Chen Q; Huang J; Shi X; Peng Y; Chen A; Huang L; Zhang Y; Chen X · Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) · 2025
    Cross-sectional study2,716 participantsCognitive Support forVitamin B6
  41. Lower water-soluble vitamins and higher homocysteine are associated with neurodegenerative diseases.
    Zhang C; Hu Y; Cao X; Deng Y; Wang Y; Guan M; Wu X; Jiang H · Scientific reports · 2025
    Cohort study926 participantsCognitive Support forVitamin B6
  42. Associations of one-carbon metabolism, related B-vitamins and ApoE genotype with cognitive function in older adults: identification of a novel gene-nutrient interaction.
    Gordon S; Hoey L; McNulty H; Keenan J; Pangilinan F; Brody LC; Ward M; Strain JJ; McAnena L; McCann A; Molloy AM; Cunningham C; McCarroll K; Hughes CF · BMC medicine · 2025
    Observational study4,553 participantsCognitive Support forVitamin B6
  43. A new perspective on vitamin B12 deficiency in rheumatology: a case-based review.
    Dułak NA; Rytlewska M; Jaskólska M; Chmielewski M · Rheumatology international · 2024
    Case series3 participantsEnergy forVitamin B12
  44. Effects of Vitamin B12 Supplementation on Cognitive Function, Depressive Symptoms, and Fatigue: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression.
    Markun S; Gravestock I; Jäger L; Rosemann T; Pichierri G; Burgstaller JM · Nutrients · 2021
    Meta-analysis6,276 participants16 studies pooledEnergy forVitamin B12
  45. Patients' experiences with methylcobalamin injections in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
    Zubair AS; Saab L; Scharer K; Khokhar B · Brain circulation · 2024
    Qualitative study5 participantsEnergy forVitamin B12
  46. Cobalamin deficiency: clinical picture and radiological findings.
    Briani C; Dalla Torre C; Citton V; Manara R; Pompanin S; Binotto G; Adami F · Nutrients · 2014
    Narrative reviewEnergy forVitamin B12
  47. Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Common Questions and Answers.
    Patel H; McGuirk R · American family physician · 2025
    Narrative reviewEnergy forVitamin B12
  48. Intakes of Folate, Vitamin B6, and Vitamin B12 in Relation to All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: A National Population-Based Cohort.
    Bo Y; Xu H; Zhang H; Zhang J; Wan Z; Zhao X; Yu Z · Nutrients · 2022
    Cohort study55,569 participantsGeneral Health forFolate
  49. The responsiveness of plasma homocysteine to small increases in dietary folic acid: a primary care study.
    Schorah CJ; Devitt H; Lucock M; Dowell AC · European journal of clinical nutrition · 1998
    Randomized trial119 participantsGeneral Health forFolate
  50. Associations of Serum Folate and Homocysteine Concentrations with All-Cause, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer Mortality in Men and Women in Korea: the Cardiovascular Disease Association Study.
    Song S; Song BM; Park HY · The Journal of nutrition · 2023
    Cohort study21,260 participantsGeneral Health forFolate
  51. The concept of folic acid supplementation and its role in prevention of neural tube defect among pregnant women: PRISMA.
    Seyoum Tola F · Medicine · 2024
    Systematic reviewGeneral Health forFolate
  52. Systematic review of adverse health outcomes associated with high serum or red blood cell folate concentrations.
    Colapinto CK; O'Connor DL; Sampson M; Williams B; Tremblay MS · Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2017
    Systematic review71,847 participants46 studies pooledGeneral Health forFolate
  53. Oral Vitamin B12 versus Placebo for the Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Gynecological Cancer Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
    Insin P; Chaiwongsa T; Prueksaritanond N · Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2026
    Randomized trial40 participantsGeneral Health forVitamin B12
  54. Vitamin B12 Supplementation in Diabetic Neuropathy: A 1-Year, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
    Didangelos T; Karlafti E; Kotzakioulafi E; Margariti E; Giannoulaki P; Batanis G; Tesfaye S; Kantartzis K · Nutrients · 2021
    Randomized trial90 participantsGeneral Health forVitamin B12
  55. A single-center randomized controlled trial of local methylcobalamin injection for subacute herpetic neuralgia.
    Xu G; Lv ZW; Feng Y; Tang WZ; Xu GX · Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2014
    Randomized trial98 participantsGeneral Health forVitamin B12
  56. Local Injection of Methylcobalamin Combined with Lidocaine for Acute Herpetic Neuralgia.
    Xǔ G; Xu S; Tang WZ; Xú G; Cheng C; Xu J · Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2017
    Randomized trial204 participantsGeneral Health forVitamin B12
  57. The Effect of Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Supplementation on Serum Homocysteine, Anemia Status and Quality of Life of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.
    Nozari E; Ghavamzadeh S; Razazian N · Clinical nutrition research · 2022
    Clinical trial50 participantsGeneral Health forVitamin B12
  58. Hair Loss After Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
    Zhang W; Fan M; Wang C; Mahawar K; Parmar C; Chen W; Yang W; Global Bariatric Research Collaborative · Obesity surgery · 2021
    Meta-analysis2,538 participants18 studies pooledHair Health forFolate
  59. Quantitative Analysis of Selected Circulating Hematological Biomarkers, Essential Minerals, Vitamins, and Thyroid Hormones in Females Affected by Hair Loss.
    Al-Fawaeir S; Al-Odat I · Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Case-control study200 participantsHair Health forFolate Hair Health forVitamin B12
  60. Twelve weeks of protracted venous infusion of fluorouracil (5-FU) is as effective as 6 months of bolus 5-FU and folinic acid as adjuvant treatment in colorectal cancer.
    Saini A; Norman AR; Cunningham D; Chau I; Hill M; Tait D; Hickish T; Iveson T; Lofts F; Jodrell D; Ross PJ; Oates J · British journal of cancer · 2003
    Randomized trialHair Health forFolate
  61. Role of oxaliplatin combined with 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid in the first- and second-line treatment of advanced colorectal cancer.
    Jonker D; Rumble RB; Maroun J; Gastrointestinal Cancer Disease Site Groupof Cancer Care Ontario’s Program in Evidence-Based Care · Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2012
    Randomized trialHair Health forFolate
  62. Phase I-II study of vinorelbine in combination with 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid as first-line chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer: a regimen with a low subjective toxic burden.
    Nolè F; de Braud F; Aapro M; Minchella I; De Pas TM; Zampino MG; Monti S; Andreoni G; Goldhirsch A · Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 1997
    Randomized trialHair Health forFolate
  63. Factors Associated with Premature Hair Graying in a Young Indian Population.
    Chakrabarty S; Krishnappa PG; Gowda DG; Hiremath J · International journal of trichology · 2016
    Case-control study74 participantsHair Health forVitamin B12
  64. Risk Factors for Pediatric Alopecia Areata: Clinical and Biochemical Findings from a Case - Control Study.
    İritaş SY · Dermatology practical & conceptual · 2026
    Case-control study600 participantsHair Health forVitamin B12
  65. Hair Loss After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy.
    Katsogridaki G; Tzovaras G; Sioka E; Perivoliotis K; Zachari E; Magouliotis D; Tasiopoulou V; Chatedaki C; Zacharoulis D · Obesity surgery · 2019
    Cohort study50 participantsHair Health forVitamin B12
  66. Demographic Characteristics and Association of Serum Vitamin B12, Ferritin and Thyroid Function with Premature Canities in Indian Patients from an Urban Skin Clinic of North India: A Retrospective Analysis of 71 Cases.
    Sonthalia S; Priya A; Tobin DJ · Indian journal of dermatology · 2022
    Cross-sectional study71 participantsHair Health forVitamin B12
  67. Folic Acid Therapy Reduces the First Stroke Risk Associated With Hypercholesterolemia Among Hypertensive Patients.
    Qin X; Li J; Spence JD; Zhang Y; Li Y; Wang X; Wang B; Sun N; Chen F; Guo J; Yin D; Sun L; Tang G; He M; Fu J; Cai Y; Shi X; Ye P; Chen H; Zhao S; Chen M; Gao C; Kong X; Hou FF; Huang Y; Huo Y · Stroke · 2017
    Randomized trial20,702 participantsHeart Health forFolate
  68. Periconception Red Blood Cell Folate and Offspring Congenital Heart Disease : Nested Case-Control and Mendelian Randomization Studies.
    Chen H; Zhang Y; Wang D; Chen X; Li M; Huang X; Jiang Y; Dou Y; Wang Y; Ma X; Sheng W; Jia B; Yan W; Huang G; SPCC (Shanghai Preconception Cohort) Group · Annals of internal medicine · 2022
    Case-control study985 participantsHeart Health forFolate
  69. Intake of vitamin B6, folate, and vitamin B12 and risk of coronary heart disease: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.
    Jayedi A; Zargar MS · Critical reviews in food science and nutrition · 2020
    Meta-analysis369,746 participants11 studies pooledHeart Health forFolate Heart Health forVitamin B6
  70. Folate Biomarkers, Folate Intake, and Risk of Death From All Causes, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.
    Fallah M; Karim Dehnavi M; Lotfi K; Aminianfar A; Azadbakht L; Esmaillzadeh A · Nutrition reviews · 2025
    Meta-analysis423,304 participants25 studies pooledHeart Health forFolate
  71. The association between folic acid supplementation and congenital heart defects: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Wondemagegn AT; Afework M · SAGE open medicine · 2022
    Meta-analysis37 studies pooledHeart Health forFolate
  72. Vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes.
    Hansen CS; Jensen JS; Ridderstråle M; Vistisen D; Jørgensen ME; Fleischer J · Journal of diabetes and its complications · 2018
    Cross-sectional study469 participantsHeart Health forVitamin B12
  73. Vitamin B12 and folate status in early pregnancy and cardiometabolic risk factors in the offspring at age 5-6 years: findings from the ABCD multi-ethnic birth cohort.
    Krikke GG; Grooten IJ; Vrijkotte TG; van Eijsden M; Roseboom TJ; Painter RC · BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2016
    Cohort study1,950 participantsHeart Health forVitamin B12
  74. Orthostatic tolerance in older patients with vitamin B12 deficiency before and after vitamin B12 replacement.
    Moore A; Ryan J; Watts M; Pillay I; Clinch D; Lyons D · Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2004
    Non-randomized trial16 participantsHeart Health forVitamin B12
  75. The impact of folic acid/VB12 deficiency on essential hypertension in children and adolescents: from a nested case-control and a cohort study.
    Liang X; Huang D; Bi Y; He Y; Mao T; Liu Q; Hu G; Tong J; Chen L; Wang Y; An X; Jiang X; Tahir MF · Journal of human hypertension · 2024
    Observational study596 participantsHeart Health forVitamin B12
  76. Intake of folate, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 and the risk of CHD: the Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study Cohort I.
    Ishihara J; Iso H; Inoue M; Iwasaki M; Okada K; Kita Y; Kokubo Y; Okayama A; Tsugane S; JPHC Study Group · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · 2008
    Cohort study40,803 participantsHeart Health forVitamin B6
  77. The effect of B-vitamins on the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Miao Y; Guo Y; Chen Y; Lin Y; Lu Y; Guo Q · Nutrition reviews · 2024
    Meta-analysisHeart Health forVitamin B6
  78. Folate and vitamin B(6) intake and risk of acute myocardial infarction in Italy.
    Tavani A; Pelucchi C; Parpinel M; Negri E; La Vecchia C · European journal of clinical nutrition · 2005
    Case-control study985 participantsHeart Health forVitamin B6
  79. The efficacy and safety of nutrient supplements in the treatment of mental disorders: a meta-review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials.
    Firth J; Teasdale SB; Allott K; Siskind D; Marx W; Cotter J; Veronese N; Schuch F; Smith L; Solmi M; Carvalho AF; Vancampfort D; Berk M; Stubbs B; Sarris J · World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2025
    Systematic review10,951 participants33 studies pooledMood Support forFolate
  80. Continuous supplementation of folic acid in pregnancy and the risk of perinatal depression-A meta-analysis.
    Jin X; Cheng Z; Yu X; Tao Q; Huang R; Wang S · Journal of affective disorders · 2022
    Meta-analysis26,275 participants15 studies pooledMood Support forFolate
  81. Efficacy of B-vitamins and vitamin D therapy in improving depressive and anxiety disorders: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.
    Borges-Vieira JG; Cardoso CKS · Nutritional neuroscience · 2023
    Systematic review2,256 participants20 studies pooledMood Support forFolate Mood Support forVitamin B12
  82. Folate supplementation as a beneficial add-on treatment in relieving depressive symptoms: A meta-analysis of meta-analyses.
    Gao S; Khalid A; Amini-Salehi E; Radkhah N; Jamilian P; Badpeyma M; Zarezadeh M · Food science & nutrition · 2024
    Meta-analysis11 studies pooledMood Support forFolate
  83. Oral 5'-methyltetrahydrofolic acid in senile organic mental disorders with depression: results of a double-blind multicenter study.
    Passeri M; Cucinotta D; Abate G; Senin U; Ventura A; Stramba Badiale M; Diana R; La Greca P; Le Grazie C · Aging (Milan, Italy) · 1993
    Randomized trial96 participantsMood Support forFolate
  84. Subjective well-being in older adults: folate and vitamin B12 independently predict positive affect.
    Edney LC; Burns NR; Danthiir V · The British journal of nutrition · 2016
    Cohort study391 participantsMood Support forVitamin B12
  85. Association between of vitamin B12 status during pregnancy and probable postpartum depression: the ECLIPSES study.
    Cruz-Rodríguez J; Canals-Sans J; Hernández-Martínez C; Arija V · Journal of reproductive and infant psychology · 2025
    Cohort study336 participantsMood Support forVitamin B12
  86. The biological relationship among depression, vitamins B9, B12, and D, and genetic variants: a systematic review.
    Soriano-Gonzalez R; Ramirez-Olea H; Gonzalez-Soltero R; Chavez-Santoscoy RA · Frontiers in nutrition · 2025
    Systematic review24 studies pooledMood Support forVitamin B12
  87. Associations of dietary B vitamins intakes with depression in adults.
    Wu Y; Li S; Wang W; Zhang D · International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition · 2023
    Observational study17,732 participantsMood Support forVitamin B12 Mood Support forVitamin B6
  88. High Dose Vitamin B6 Reduces Depression Symptoms.
    Field DT; Cracknell R; Biagi N · Depression and anxiety · 2026
    Randomized trial267 participantsMood Support forVitamin B6
  89. Can Vitamin B6 Help to Prevent Postpartum Depression? A Randomized Controlled Trial.
    Khodadad M; Bahadoran P; Kheirabadi GR; Sabzghabaee AM · International journal of preventive medicine · 2022
    Randomized trial81 participantsMood Support forVitamin B6
  90. Associations of Dietary Intake of Vitamin B6 and Plasma Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate Level With Depression in US Adults: Findings From NHANES 2005-2010.
    Lu J; Mao H; Tan Y; Luo G · Brain and behavior · 2024
    Cross-sectional study24,683 participantsMood Support forVitamin B6
  91. Impact of vitamin B6 status on psychological distress in a longitudinal study of HIV-1 infection.
    Shor-Posner G; Feaster D; Blaney NT; Rocca H; Mantero-Atienza E; Szapocznik J; Eisdorfer C; Goodkin K; Baum MK · International journal of psychiatry in medicine · 1995
    Cohort study88 participantsMood Support forVitamin B6
  92. Vitamin B6, B9, and B12 Intakes and Cognitive Performance in Elders: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2014.
    Xu H; Wang S; Gao F; Li C · Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2022
    Cross-sectional study2,421 participantsProductivity Boost forVitamin B6
  93. Effect of megavitamin treatment on mental performance and plasma vitamin B6 concentrations in mentally retarded young adults.
    Coburn SP; Schaltenbrand WE; Mahuren JD; Clausman RJ; Townsend D · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 1983
    Non-randomized trialProductivity Boost forVitamin B6
  94. Identifying Key Predictors of Cognitive Dysfunction in Older People Using Supervised Machine Learning Techniques: Observational Study.
    Rankin D; Black M; Flanagan B; Hughes CF; Moore A; Hoey L; Wallace J; Gill C; Carlin P; Molloy AM; Cunningham C; McNulty H · JMIR medical informatics · 2024
    Cohort studyProductivity Boost forVitamin B6
  95. Inappropriate nutrients intake is associated with lower functional status and inferior quality of life in older adults with depression.
    Guligowska A; Pigłowska M; Fife E; Kostka J; Sołtysik BK; Kroc Ł; Kostka T · Clinical interventions in aging · 2017
    Case-control study49 participantsProductivity Boost forVitamin B6
  96. A nutritional blend of taurine, vitamins B6, B9, and B12 improves motivated behaviors in healthy adults-a double-blinded randomized clinical trial.
    Anlacan VM; Jamora RDG; Krattinger LF; De Longis E; Hartweg M; Steinmann M; Trovò L · Frontiers in nutrition · 2026
    Randomized trial44 participantsProductivity Boost forVitamin B6