Propolis
Description
Propolis is a complex resinous substance collected by honey bees from various plant sources, including tree buds, sap, and other botanical materials. Bees use propolis to seal gaps and cracks in their hives, reinforce honeycomb, and protect the hive from external threats and infections due to its antimicrobial properties. Its composition varies depending on the geographic location and the flora available to the bees, but it typically contains resins, waxes, essential oils, pollen, and a rich array of flavonoids and phenolic compounds. Historically, propolis has been utilized in traditional medicine for centuries across different cultures, including ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans, who recognized its healing attributes. Modern scientific research has begun to unravel the diverse bioactivities of propolis, attributing many of its benefits to its high concentration of polyphenols, particularly flavonoids, which act as powerful antioxidants. These compounds contribute to its observed antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory effects. Due to its broad spectrum of biological activities, propolis is commonly found in health supplements, topical preparations, and oral care products. It is often sought after for its potential to support immune function, promote wound healing, alleviate inflammation, and maintain oral hygiene. Its versatility and natural origin make it a popular ingredient in the wellness industry, though consistent quality and composition can vary between products.
Sources
Honey bees (produced by bees from various tree resins and botanical sources)Poplar tree buds and sapConifer tree sap and barkBirch tree buds and barkOak tree buds
Cheapest Propolis Supplements
Best Propolis supplements
Value Propolis Supplements
Timing & Intake
Anytime
Propolis can be taken with or without food, depending on individual preference and product formulation.
Optimal Dosage
Minimum400 mg
Maximum1000 mg
Safety & Toxicity
Goals
Anti-Inflammatory Support
Impact
High effect
Typical dose:250–750 mg
Propolis contains potent compounds like CAPE that modulate the immune system and inhibit inflammatory pathways like NF-kB. It is particularly effective for inflammation involving immune challenges, such as in the respiratory tract or oral cavity, while also offering systemic benefits.
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Immunity
Impact
High effect
Typical dose:250–1000 mg
Contains a high concentration of flavonoids and phenolic compounds that have direct antiviral and antibacterial effects. It also stimulates immune cell activity, making it highly effective for both preventing and treating upper respiratory infections.
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Skin Health
Impact
High effect
Typical dose:250–500 mg
Propolis provides a multi-faceted approach to skin health. Its antimicrobial properties can help manage acne-causing bacteria, while its anti-inflammatory effects soothe irritation and redness. As an antioxidant, it protects skin from environmental damage and supports tissue regeneration, aiding in wound healing and overall skin health.
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Interactions
Positive Interactions
Vitamin C
May offer synergistic antioxidant effects and enhance immune support.
Zinc
Zinc is vital for immune function; propolis's immune-supporting properties may complement its role.
Vitamin D
Both ingredients support immune health, potentially offering broader immune benefits when taken together.
European Elder
Both are known for immune support and antiviral properties, potentially enhancing these effects synergistically.
Astragalus
Both are known immune modulators; they may work synergistically to support and balance the immune system.
Acerola
As a rich source of Vitamin C, Acerola can enhance the antioxidant and immune-supporting effects of propolis.
Turmeric
Both possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, potentially amplifying these beneficial effects.
Ginger
Ginger's anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating effects may complement those of propolis.
Green Tea
Green Tea's polyphenols and antioxidants may synergize with propolis's antioxidant properties for enhanced cellular protection.
Flavonoid
Propolis is rich in flavonoids; combining with additional flavonoids may enhance overall antioxidant capacity and beneficial effects.
Recommended products
Best 
Bee Propolis 2X 500 mg
California Gold Nutrition
Propolis: 500 mg
A concentrated 500mg '2X' bee propolis resin extract, offered at an excellent price, for potent anti-inflammatory, immune, and skin health support.
Value 
Bee Propolis 1000 mg from 5:1 extract
Lake Avenue Nutrition
Propolis: 200 mg
A 5:1 bee propolis extract (1000mg raw equivalent) offered at an outstandingly low price, especially in a larger count, providing potent support for anti-inflammatory responses, immunity, and skin health.
Best 
Propolis Plus
Dr. Ohhira's
Propolis: 90 mg
<p>This supplement combines Brazilian Green Propolis, Astaxanthin, varied Vitamin E forms, flaxseed oil, and probiotics in one capsule, aiming for broad support across immunity, inflammation, skin, and vision.</p>
Best 
Bee Propolis Trio
NaturaNectar
Propolis: 100 mg
This product delivers a specialized Brazilian Bee Propolis blend, detailing key active compounds and a water extract for targeted support of anti-inflammatory responses, immunity, and skin health.
Best 
Propolis 1500
NOW
Propolis: 300 mg
A well-concentrated propolis extract in capsule form, offering good value and a substantial dose for general wellness support.
Budget 
Bee Propolis
Natural Factors
Propolis: 250 mg
A simple, single-ingredient bee propolis supplement, providing 250mg per capsule for general support of anti-inflammatory responses, immunity, and skin health.
Value 
Bee Propolis
Bio Nutrition
Propolis: 1000 mg
A potent 4:1 bee propolis extract delivering 1000mg per serving (4000mg raw equivalent) for robust anti-inflammatory, immune, and skin health support.
Budget 
Bee Propolis 550 mg
Swanson
Propolis: 550 mg
This product delivers 550mg of bee propolis per capsule at an excellent price, offering a strong, focused dose for anti-inflammatory, immune, and skin health support.
Best 
Propolis Extract
Terry Naturally
Propolis: 100 mg
A concentrated bee propolis extract (100mg) for focused anti-inflammatory, immune, and skin health support, but without a specified extract ratio.
Best 
Propolis 2000 5:1 Extract
NOW
Propolis: 400 mg
A potent 5:1 bee propolis extract, equivalent to 2000mg raw propolis per serving, offering concentrated support for anti-inflammatory responses, immunity, and skin health.
Best 
70% Ultra Strength Propolis
Y.S. Eco Bee Farms
Propolis: 350 mg
A 70% ultra strength liquid propolis extract (350mg per serving) for versatile and potent anti-inflammatory, immune, and skin health support.
Value 
50% Super Strength Propolis
Y.S. Eco Bee Farms
Propolis: 250 mg
A 50% super strength liquid propolis extract (250mg per serving) for versatile support of anti-inflammatory responses, immunity, and skin health.
Value 
Ultra Mega Strength Propolis 1000
Y.S. Eco Bee Farms
Propolis: 500 mg
A 500mg bee propolis extract capsule (marketed as 'Ultra Mega Strength') for potent support of anti-inflammatory responses, immunity, and skin health.
Best 
Propolis Extract 2000 mg
Nature's Answer
Propolis: 2000 mg
A high-dose liquid propolis extract, ideal for specific uses and those preferring liquids, but comes with a higher cost per serving and fewer doses.
Budget 
Bee-Propolis 600 mg
AN Amazing Nutrition Amazing Formulas
Propolis: 600 mg
A high-dose 600mg bee propolis supplement at an exceptionally low price, offering strong, focused support for anti-inflammatory, immune, and skin health.
Budget 
Bee Propolis 500 mg
Best Naturals
Propolis: 500 mg
A straightforward 500mg bee propolis supplement at an exceptionally low price, providing focused support for anti-inflammatory, immune, and skin health.
Value 
Bee Propolis 1000 mg from 5:1 extract
Lake Avenue Nutrition
Propolis: 200 mg
A 5:1 bee propolis extract (1000mg raw equivalent) offered at an exceptionally low price, providing potent support for anti-inflammatory responses, immunity, and skin health.
Value 
Bee Propolis 2X 500 mg
California Gold Nutrition
Propolis: 500 mg
A highly concentrated (2X) propolis extract in a 500mg capsule, delivering excellent value and strong support for overall wellness.
Best 
Propolis
Herb Pharm
Propolis: 589 mg
A potent liquid propolis resin extract (589mg per serving) for versatile anti-inflammatory, immune, and skin health support from a trusted herbal brand.
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Propolis Extract 500 mg
Source Naturals
Propolis: 500 mg
A basic propolis extract in a standard 500mg capsule, offering a simple way to supplement propolis.
Best 
Bee Propolis Caps 500 mg
Country Life
Propolis: 500 mg
A propolis-focused supplement designed to support immunity, inflammation, and skin, with a minor inclusion of calcium for foundational bone and nail health.
Product stats
Price per product
Average$22.21
Median$15.58
Price per serving
Average$0.59
Median$0.32
Price per 100 mg
Average$0.60
Median$0.15
Price distribution
Price per serving distribution
Price per 100 mg
Reference amount: 100 mg
Forms
Paired ingredients
Ingredient forms
Baccharis dracunculifolia (2) 85
This plant is crucial for producing Brazilian Green Propolis, a specific type known for its potent biological activities. It contains distinct compounds such as artepillin C and other prenylated p-coumaric acids, which contribute significantly to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects. Its unique profile makes it highly regarded in various health applications.
Pros
- Rich in specific bioactive compounds like artepillin C
- Strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties
- Well-researched for immunity and cellular health
Cons
- Availability can be limited compared to general propolis
- Cost may be higher due to specific sourcing
Per product
Avg$68.96
Med$68.96
Per serving
Avg$2.99
Med$2.99
Per 10 mg
Avg$0.34
Med$0.34
Price distribution
Caffeic Acid (1) 65
Caffeic acid is a naturally occurring phenolic acid present in many types of propolis. It is known for its antioxidant capacity, helping to neutralize free radicals, and also exhibits mild anti-inflammatory properties. It serves as a precursor to more complex propolis compounds like CAPE.
Pros
- Exhibits antioxidant activity
- Contributes to anti-inflammatory effects
- Common and well-studied plant compound
Cons
- Less potent individually than more complex propolis derivatives
- Not unique to propolis, found in many plants
Per product
Avg$32.98
Med$32.98
Per serving
Avg$0.54
Med$0.54
Per 100 mg
Avg$0.11
Med$0.11
Price distribution
CAPE (1) 90
CAPE is a derivative of caffeic acid and is considered one of the key active compounds in many types of propolis, particularly European propolis. It exhibits strong anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting various inflammatory pathways and also possesses significant antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. Its comprehensive bioactivity makes it a focus of extensive research.
Pros
- Very potent anti-inflammatory agent
- Strong antioxidant capabilities
- Modulates immune responses effectively
Cons
- Can be challenging to isolate and stabilize
- Concentration varies significantly between propolis sources
Per product
Avg$32.98
Med$32.98
Per serving
Avg$0.54
Med$0.54
Per 100 mg
Avg$0.11
Med$0.11
Price distribution
Chrysin (1) 70
Chrysin is a naturally occurring flavonoid present in propolis, contributing to its overall beneficial profile. It acts as an antioxidant, helping to protect cells from oxidative damage, and also exhibits mild anti-inflammatory effects. Research suggests potential roles in various biological processes, often working synergistically with other propolis compounds.
Pros
- Acts as an antioxidant
- Possesses anti-inflammatory properties
- Found in various natural sources, including propolis
Cons
- Bioavailability can be a concern
- Less prominent in some propolis types compared to others
Per product
Avg$32.98
Med$32.98
Per serving
Avg$0.54
Med$0.54
Per 100 mg
Avg$0.11
Med$0.11
Price distribution
Cinnamic Acid (1) 55
Cinnamic acid is a less abundant but present phenolic acid in propolis. While primarily recognized for its aromatic qualities, it also possesses mild antioxidant activity, contributing to the overall protective effects of propolis. It can serve as a precursor for the synthesis of other more potent bioactive compounds within the propolis matrix.
Pros
- Contributes to antioxidant activity
- Natural compound found in various plants
Cons
- Relatively minor contributor to propolis's main therapeutic effects compared to others
- Less potent individually
Per product
Avg$32.98
Med$32.98
Per serving
Avg$0.54
Med$0.54
Per 100 mg
Avg$0.11
Med$0.11
Price distribution
Ferulic Acid (1) 75
Ferulic acid is a potent antioxidant widely present in propolis, enhancing its ability to combat free radicals. It is particularly valued for its capacity to protect cells from UV-induced damage and contribute to overall cellular health. Its presence in propolis adds to the substance's broad spectrum of beneficial properties, especially for skin protection.
Pros
- Strong antioxidant properties
- Offers photoprotective benefits
- Synergizes with other antioxidants
Cons
- Not exclusive to propolis, found in many plant sources
- Bioavailability can be variable
Per product
Avg$32.98
Med$32.98
Per serving
Avg$0.54
Med$0.54
Per 100 mg
Avg$0.11
Med$0.11
Price distribution
Flavonoids (1) 88
Flavonoids represent a diverse group of plant metabolites that are major active constituents of propolis. This class includes compounds like galangin, pinocembrin, and chrysin, which collectively provide significant antioxidant protection, help reduce inflammation, and modulate immune responses. Their synergistic action is fundamental to the therapeutic efficacy of propolis.
Pros
- Major contributors to propolis's biological activity
- Broad spectrum of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory benefits
- Work synergistically for enhanced effects
Cons
- Specific effects vary greatly depending on the individual flavonoid
- General term, requiring specific flavonoid identification for precise action
Per product
Avg$32.98
Med$32.98
Per serving
Avg$0.54
Med$0.54
Per 100 mg
Avg$0.11
Med$0.11
Price distribution
Galangin (1) 75
Galangin is one of the most significant flavonoids present in various types of propolis. It contributes to propolis's strong antioxidant capacity, protecting cells from oxidative stress. Additionally, it exhibits anti-inflammatory effects and has been studied for its antimicrobial properties, contributing to the broader protective benefits of propolis.
Pros
- Strong antioxidant properties
- Exhibits anti-inflammatory effects
- Contributes to antimicrobial activity
Cons
- Bioavailability can vary
- Less prominent than CAPE in some propolis types
Per product
Avg$32.98
Med$32.98
Per serving
Avg$0.54
Med$0.54
Per 100 mg
Avg$0.11
Med$0.11
Price distribution
Pinocembrin (1) 78
Pinocembrin is a highly active flavonoid found in propolis, contributing significantly to its health benefits. It is a powerful antioxidant, protecting against oxidative damage, and also possesses notable anti-inflammatory properties. Beyond these, it has been investigated for neuroprotective and antimicrobial activities, making it a versatile component of propolis.
Pros
- Potent antioxidant properties
- Exhibits significant anti-inflammatory effects
- Contributes to broad protective effects
Cons
- Concentration varies by propolis source
- Research still evolving on its full potential
Per product
Avg$32.98
Med$32.98
Per serving
Avg$0.54
Med$0.54
Per 100 mg
Avg$0.11
Med$0.11
Price distribution
Tecto-Chrysin (1) 60
Tecto-chrysin is a less common but still present flavonoid found in certain types of propolis. As a methylated derivative of chrysin, it contributes to the overall antioxidant capacity of propolis and may exert anti-inflammatory effects. Its specific biological activities are still under investigation, but it adds to the complexity and diversity of propolis's active compounds.
Pros
- Exhibits antioxidant properties
- Potential anti-inflammatory effects
Cons
- Less extensively studied compared to other propolis constituents
- Concentration is often lower than major flavonoids
Per product
Avg$32.98
Med$32.98
Per serving
Avg$0.54
Med$0.54
Per 100 mg
Avg$0.11
Med$0.11
Price distribution