Ginkgo biloba is an ancient tree species with fan-shaped leaves that have been used in traditional medicine for thousands of years. Its leaf extract contains flavonoids and terpenoids, compounds believed to underlie its health benefits. These antioxidants help neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress.
Ginkgo's effects are linked to enhanced blood flow, particularly microcirculation in the brain. Improved cerebral circulation is thought to support memory, focus, and mental clarity. Ginkgo may also support peripheral circulation elsewhere in the body.
Researchers also study ginkgo's anti-inflammatory properties and its role in neurotransmitter regulation. These areas of research explain its use in supplements intended to support brain health, mental sharpness, and age-related cognitive decline.