Published studies used for the product analysis and the top-ranked studies for each ingredient and goal.
- Mortality in randomized trials of antioxidant supplements for primary and secondary prevention: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Bjelakovic G; Nikolova D; Gluud LL; Simonetti RG; Gluud C · JAMA · 2007
Meta-analysis232,606 participants68 studies pooledflagGeneral Health forscienceVitamin C
- Vitamin C intake and multiple health outcomes: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
Xu K; Peng R; Zou Y; Jiang X; Sun Q; Song C · International journal of food sciences and nutrition · 2022
Meta-analysis76 studies pooledflagGeneral Health forscienceVitamin C
- Vitamin C supplementation in kidney failure: effect on uraemic symptoms.
Singer RF · Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2011
Randomized trial99 participantsflagGeneral Health forscienceVitamin C
- Vitamin C and contribution to the normal function of the immune system: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006.
EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) · EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2026
Guideline / consensusflagImmunity forscienceVitamin C
- Effect of Vitamin C Supplements on Respiratory Tract Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Keya TA; Leela A; Fernandez K; Habib N; Rashid M · Current reviews in clinical and experimental pharmacology · 2022
Meta-analysis10 studies pooledflagImmunity forscienceVitamin C
- Enhanced Vitamin C Delivery: A Systematic Literature Review Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Alternative Supplement Forms in Healthy Adults.
Calder PC; Kreider RB; McKay DL · Nutrients · 2025
Systematic review13 studies pooledflagImmunity forscienceVitamin C
- Dietary nutrient intakes and skin-aging appearance among middle-aged American women.
Cosgrove MC; Franco OH; Granger SP; Murray PG; Mayes AE · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2007
Cross-sectional study4,025 participantsflagSkin Health forscienceVitamin C
- Double-blind, half-face study comparing topical vitamin C and vehicle for rejuvenation of photodamage.
Fitzpatrick RE; Rostan EF · Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.] · 2002
Non-randomized trial10 participantsflagSkin Health forscienceVitamin C
- Vitamin C and postoperative outcomes following mandibular third molar extraction: a randomized split-mouth study.
Demirel M; Aktas A; Kizil M; Yalcin N · Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology · 2026
Randomized trial56 participantsflagSkin Health forscienceVitamin C
- Efficacy of Vitamin C as Glucocorticoid Substitute for Reducing Pain and Inflammation After Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Jiang W; Xu H; Jiang X; Zhan Y; Ju Y; Xie J; Huang Z; Huang Q; Pei F · The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume · 2025
Randomized trial107 participantsflagAnti-Inflammatory Support forscienceVitamin C
- The Impact of Vitamin C on Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, and Hemostatic Outcomes After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Moftakhari Hajimirzaei S; Bagherzadeh Cham M; Dolikhani M; Tabatabaee SM; Ebrahimpour A · The archives of bone and joint surgery · 2026
Meta-analysis1,162 participants10 studies pooledflagAnti-Inflammatory Support forscienceVitamin C
- The impact of vitamin C supplementation on the perioperative outcomes after total hip and knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Liu X; Guo J; Li Y; Yang Y; Liu M; Gao Q; Yang Y; Wu X; Yue C · BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026
Meta-analysis852 participants8 studies pooledflagAnti-Inflammatory Support forscienceVitamin C
- Therapeutic Impact of Ascorbic Acid on Oral and Periodontal Tissues: A Systematic Literature Review.
Ruzijevaite G; Acaite E; Jagelaviciene E · Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025
Systematic review811 participants17 studies pooledflagAnti-Inflammatory Support forscienceVitamin C
- Oral vitamin C administration reduces early recurrence rates after electrical cardioversion of persistent atrial fibrillation and attenuates associated inflammation.
Korantzopoulos P; Kolettis TM; Kountouris E; Dimitroula V; Karanikis P; Pappa E; Siogas K; Goudevenos JA · International journal of cardiology · 2005
Randomized trial44 participantsflagAnti-Inflammatory Support forscienceVitamin C
- Zinc decreases C-reactive protein, lipid peroxidation, and inflammatory cytokines in elderly subjects: a potential implication of zinc as an atheroprotective agent.
Bao B; Prasad AS; Beck FW; Fitzgerald JT; Snell D; Bao GW; Singh T; Cardozo LJ · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2010
Randomized trial40 participantsflagAnti-Inflammatory Support forscienceZinc
- Zinc Supplementation in Individuals with Prediabetes and type 2 Diabetes: a GRADE-Assessed Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis.
Nazari M; Nikbaf-Shandiz M; Pashayee-Khamene F; Bagheri R; Goudarzi K; Hosseinnia NV; Dolatshahi S; Omran HS; Amirani N; Ashtary-Larky D; Asbaghi O; Ghanavati M · Biological trace element research · 2024
Meta-analysis23 studies pooledflagAnti-Inflammatory Support forscienceZinc
- The Effects of Zinc Supplementation on C-Reactive Protein and Inflammatory Cytokines: A Meta-Analysis and Systematical Review.
Ceylan MN; Akdas S; Yazihan N · Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research · 2022
Meta-analysis73 studies pooledflagAnti-Inflammatory Support forscienceZinc
- The Effects of Zinc Sulfate Supplementation on Serum Copeptin, C-Reactive Protein and Metabolic Markers in Zinc-Deficient Diabetic Patients on Hemodialysis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
Hosseini R; Montazerifar F; Shahraki E; Karajibani M; Mokhtari AM; Dashipour AR; Ferns GA; Jalali M · Biological trace element research · 2021
Randomized trial46 participantsflagAnti-Inflammatory Support forscienceZinc
- Zinc supplementation and cardiovascular disease risk factors: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.
Nazari M; Ashtary-Larky D; Nikbaf-Shandiz M; Goudarzi K; Bagheri R; Dolatshahi S; Omran HS; Amirani N; Ghanavati M; Asbaghi O · Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS) · 2023
Meta-analysis75 studies pooledflagAnti-Inflammatory Support forscienceZinc
- Dietary intake and blood concentrations of antioxidants and the risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer, and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies.
Aune D; Keum N; Giovannucci E; Fadnes LT; Boffetta P; Greenwood DC; Tonstad S; Vatten LJ; Riboli E; Norat T · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2019
Meta-analysis69 studies pooledflagGeneral Health forscienceVitamin C
- Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to vitamin C and increasing non haem iron absorption pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006.
EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) · EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2026
Guideline / consensusflagGeneral Health forscienceVitamin C
- Vitamin C Depletion and All-Cause Mortality in Renal Transplant Recipients.
Sotomayor CG; Eisenga MF; Gomes Neto AW; Ozyilmaz A; Gans ROB; Jong WHA; Zelle DM; Berger SP; Gaillard CAJM; Navis GJ; Bakker SJ · Nutrients · 2018
Cohort study598 participantsflagGeneral Health forscienceVitamin C
- Associations of Serum Biomarkers of Fruit and Vegetable Intake With the Risk of Cause-Specific Mortality and All-Cause Mortality: A National Prospective Cohort Study.
Pu L; Zhang R; Wang X; Zhao T; Sun H; Han L · Frontiers in nutrition · 2022
Cohort study12,530 participantsflagGeneral Health forscienceVitamin C
- Relation between plasma ascorbic acid and mortality in men and women in EPIC-Norfolk prospective study: a prospective population study. European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.
Khaw KT; Bingham S; Welch A; Luben R; Wareham N; Oakes S; Day N · Lancet (London, England) · 2001
Cohort study19,496 participantsflagGeneral Health forscienceVitamin C
- Quantitative Association Between Serum/Dietary Magnesium and Cardiovascular Disease/Coronary Heart Disease Risk: A Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.
Zhao L; Hu M; Yang L; Xu H; Song W; Qian Y; Zhao M · Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology · 2020
Meta-analysis544,581 participants18 studies pooledflagHeart Health forscienceMagnesium
- Effects of magnesium supplementation on improving hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension in type 2 diabetes: A pooled analysis of 24 randomized controlled trials.
Xu L; Li X; Wang X; Xu M · Frontiers in nutrition · 2023
Meta-analysis1,325 participants24 studies pooledflagHeart Health forscienceMagnesium
- The effect of lowering blood pressure by magnesium supplementation in diabetic hypertensive adults with low serum magnesium levels: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Guerrero-Romero F; Rodríguez-Morán M · Journal of human hypertension · 2009
Randomized trial82 participantsflagHeart Health forscienceMagnesium
- Positive effects of magnesium supplementation in metabolic syndrome.
Kisters S; Kisters K; Werner T; Vormann J; Tokmak F; Westhoff T; Gröber U; Predel HG; Reuter H · International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2024
Randomized trial54 participantsflagHeart Health forscienceMagnesium
- Comparative Efficacy of Nutraceuticals on Endothelial Function: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.
Norouzzadeh M; Rashedi MH; Mahdavi-Mazdeh G; Kosari A; Shahinfar H · Current atherosclerosis reports · 2026
Meta-analysisflagHeart Health forscienceMagnesium
- Potassium intake, stroke, and cardiovascular disease a meta-analysis of prospective studies.
D'Elia L; Barba G; Cappuccio FP; Strazzullo P · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2011
Meta-analysis247,510 participants11 studies pooledflagHeart Health forsciencePotassium
- Oral potassium supplementation for management of essential hypertension: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Poorolajal J; Zeraati F; Soltanian AR; Sheikh V; Hooshmand E; Maleki A · PloS one · 2017
Meta-analysis1,213 participants23 studies pooledflagHeart Health forsciencePotassium
- Joint association of urinary sodium and potassium excretion with cardiovascular events and mortality: prospective cohort study.
O'Donnell M; Mente A; Rangarajan S; McQueen MJ; O'Leary N; Yin L; Liu X; Swaminathan S; Khatib R; Rosengren A; Ferguson J; Smyth A; Lopez-Jaramillo P; Diaz R; Avezum A; Lanas F; Ismail N; Yusoff K; Dans A; Iqbal R; Szuba A; Mohammadifard N; Oguz A; Yusufali AH; Alhabib KF; Kruger IM; Yusuf R; Chifamba J; Yeates K; Dagenais G; Wielgosz A; Lear SA; Teo K; Yusuf S; PURE Investigators · BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2019
Cohort study103,570 participantsflagHeart Health forsciencePotassium
- Effect of Potassium Supplementation on Endothelial Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Intervention Studies.
D'Elia L; Cappuccio FP; Masulli M; La Fata E; Rendina D; Galletti F · Nutrients · 2023
Meta-analysis332 participants5 studies pooledflagHeart Health forsciencePotassium
- Effects of potassium supplementation on office, home, and 24-h blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension.
Kawano Y; Minami J; Takishita S; Omae T · American journal of hypertension · 1999
Randomized trial55 participantsflagHeart Health forsciencePotassium
- Therapeutic effects of high-dose vitamin C supplementation in patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis.
Sun L; Zhao JH; Fan WY; Feng B; Liu WW; Chen RQ; Ban C; Dang AG; Wang M; Luo KT; Zhou GY; Yu FF; Ba Y · Nutrition reviews · 2024
Meta-analysis2,334 participants14 studies pooledflagImmunity forscienceVitamin C
- Effect of micronutrient supplements on influenza and other respiratory tract infections among adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Abioye AI; Bromage S; Fawzi W · BMJ global health · 2021
Meta-analysisflagImmunity forscienceVitamin C
- New evidence for antioxidant properties of vitamin C.
Vojdani A; Bazargan M; Vojdani E; Wright J · Cancer detection and prevention · 2001
Randomized trial20 participantsflagImmunity forscienceVitamin C
- Nutrient supplementation for prevention of viral respiratory tract infections in healthy subjects: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Vlieg-Boerstra B; de Jong N; Meyer R; Agostoni C; De Cosmi V; Grimshaw K; Milani GP; Muraro A; Oude Elberink H; Pali-Schöll I; Roduit C; Sasaki M; Skypala I; Sokolowska M; van Splunter M; Untersmayr E; Venter C; O'Mahony L; Nwaru BI · Allergy · 2022
Meta-analysis199,055 participants115 studies pooledflagImmunity forscienceZinc
- Zinc supplementation reduces the incidence of acute lower respiratory infections in infants and preschool children: a double-blind, controlled trial.
Sazawal S; Black RE; Jalla S; Mazumdar S; Sinha A; Bhan MK · Pediatrics · 1998
Randomized trial609 participantsflagImmunity forscienceZinc
- A randomized controlled trial of zinc supplementation in the treatment of acute respiratory tract infection in Thai children.
Rerksuppaphol S; Rerksuppaphol L · Pediatric reports · 2020
Randomized trial64 participantsflagImmunity forscienceZinc
- The effect of zinc and vitamin A supplementation on immune response in an older population.
Fortes C; Forastiere F; Agabiti N; Fano V; Pacifici R; Virgili F; Piras G; Guidi L; Bartoloni C; Tricerri A; Zuccaro P; Ebrahim S; Perucci CA · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 1998
Randomized trial136 participantsflagImmunity forscienceZinc
- The role of specific nutrients in preventing immune system and blood cell disorders: an umbrella review.
Vecchietti A; Strano P; Minutolo G; Grieco V; Cappuccio G; Granvillano G; Confalonieri L; Briganti GL; Raso E; Chimienti M; Pellegrini M; Mercogliano M; Spatari G; Lugli C; Urbano T; Lorenzon A · Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2026
Systematic review13 studies pooledflagImmunity forscienceZinc
- Evaluation of the anti-wrinkle effect of an ascorbic acid-loaded dissolving microneedle patch via a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study.
Lee C; Yang H; Kim S; Kim M; Kang H; Kim N; An S; Koh J; Jung H · International journal of cosmetic science · 2017
Randomized trial23 participantsflagSkin Health forscienceVitamin C
- Comparative Study on the Outcome of Periorbital Wrinkles Treated with Laser-Assisted Delivery of Vitamin C or Vitamin C Plus Growth Factors: A Randomized, Double-blind, Clinical Trial.
Machado BHB; Frame J; Zhang J; Najlah M · Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2021
Randomized trial149 participantsflagSkin Health forscienceVitamin C
- Randomized trial of topical ascorbic acid in DMSO versus imiquimod for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma.
Burke B; Bailie JE · Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2022
Randomized trial25 participantsflagSkin Health forscienceVitamin C
- Vitamin C improves healing of foot ulcers: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Gunton JE; Girgis CM; Lau T; Vicaretti M; Begg L; Flood V · The British journal of nutrition · 2022
Randomized trial16 participantsflagSkin Health forscienceVitamin C
- Sex-related differences in response to zinc pyrithione shampoo vs. non-anti-dandruff shampoo.
Collins LZ; Baines FL; Matheson JR; Turner GA; Diao Y; Li Y; Pi Y · International journal of cosmetic science · 2019
Meta-analysis2,088 participants20 studies pooledflagSkin Health forscienceZinc
- Maintenance of an Acidic Skin Surface with a Novel Zinc Lactobionate Emollient Preparation Improves Skin Barrier Function in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis.
Andrew PV; Pinnock A; Poyner A; Brown K; Chittock J; Kay LJ; Cork MJ; Danby SG · Dermatology and therapy · 2024
Cohort study23 participantsflagSkin Health forscienceZinc
- Spatial expression of metallothionein, matrix metalloproteinase-1 and Ki-67 in human epidermal wounds treated with zinc and determined by quantitative immunohistochemistry: A randomised double-blind trial.
Ågren MS; Chafranska L; Eriksen JO; Forman JL; Bjerrum MJ; Schjerling P; Larsen HF; Cottarelli E; Jorgensen LN; Gjerdrum LMR · European journal of cell biology · 2021
Randomized trial30 participantsflagSkin Health forscienceZinc
- A pilot trial using topical regular crystalline insulin vs. aqueous zinc solution for uncomplicated cutaneous wound healing: Impact on quality of life.
Attia EA; Belal DM; El Samahy MH; El Hamamsy MH · Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society · 2014
Randomized trial90 participantsflagSkin Health forscienceZinc
- Evidence-Based Nutritional Interventions in Wound Care.
Saeg F; Orazi R; Bowers GM; Janis JE · Plastic and reconstructive surgery · 2021
Systematic review2,339 participants36 studies pooledflagSkin Health forscienceZinc
- Role of Oral Vitamin 'C' on Astigmatic Errors in Phacoemulsification.
Mohan S; Sah K; Khattri M; Ahmad L; Sachan SK · Current eye research · 2021
Randomized trial400 participantsflagVision Support forscienceVitamin C
- Ascorbic acid metabolites are involved in intraocular pressure control in the general population.
Hysi PG; Khawaja AP; Menni C; Tamraz B; Wareham N; Khaw KT; Foster PJ; Benet LZ; Spector TD; Hammond CJ · Redox biology · 2019
Observational studyflagVision Support forscienceVitamin C
- Nutritional modulation of cataract.
Weikel KA; Garber C; Baburins A; Taylor A · Nutrition reviews · 2014
Narrative reviewflagVision Support forscienceVitamin C
- Dietary n-3 Fatty Acid, α-Tocopherol, Zinc, vitamin D, vitamin C, and β-carotene are Associated with Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Japan.
Aoki A; Inoue M; Nguyen E; Obata R; Kadonosono K; Shinkai S; Hashimoto H; Sasaki S; Yanagi Y · Scientific reports · 2017
Case-control study530 participantsflagVision Support forscienceVitamin C
- Adherence to a Mediterranean diet, lifestyle and age-related macular degeneration: the Coimbra Eye Study - report 3.
Raimundo M; Mira F; Cachulo MDL; Barreto P; Ribeiro L; Farinha C; Laíns I; Nunes S; Alves D; Figueira J; Merle BM; Delcourt C; Santos L; Silva R · Acta ophthalmologica · 2019
Case-control study883 participantsflagVision Support forscienceVitamin C
- Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for age-related macular degeneration.
Evans JR · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2002
Systematic review170 participants7 studies pooledflagVision Support forscienceZinc
- Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for slowing the progression of age-related macular degeneration.
Evans JR; Lawrenson JG · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023
Meta-analysis3,790 participants5 studies pooledflagVision Support forscienceZinc
- Oral zinc in macular degeneration.
Newsome DA; Swartz M; Leone NC; Elston RC; Miller E · Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) · 1988
Randomized trial151 participantsflagVision Support forscienceZinc
- A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss: AREDS report no. 8.
Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group · Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) · 2001
Randomized trial3,640 participantsflagVision Support forscienceZinc
- Effect of vitamin A and zinc supplementation on the nutriture of children in Northeast Thailand.
Udomkesmalee E; Dhanamitta S; Sirisinha S; Charoenkiatkul S; Tuntipopipat S; Banjong O; Rojroongwasinkul N; Kramer TR; Smith JC · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 1992
Randomized trial133 participantsflagVision Support forscienceZinc