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PreNatal Nutrients

Pure Encapsulations
4.4
★ ★ ★ ★ ★
(101 ratings)
Iodine 150 mcg
Molybdenum 75 mcg
Copper 1 mg
Iron 27 mg
Manganese 2 mg
Selenium 70 mcg
Choline 100 mg
Product Image
Score70
Active folate, methylcobalamin, D3, natural vitamin E, iron glycinate, and good trace-mineral forms make this a strong prenatal. Choline, calcium, and magnesium remain incomplete, while duplicated-looking label entries need clarification.
How scoring works
Quantity:120 Capsule(s) • (60 servings)
Goals:
General Health
Immunity
Hair Health
Heart Health
Energy
Bone Health

Score 70

Active folate, methylcobalamin, D3, natural vitamin E, iron glycinate, and good trace-mineral forms make this a strong prenatal. Choline, calcium, and magnesium remain incomplete, while duplicated-looking label entries need clarification.
How scoring works
$55.00($0.91 per serving)
Pure Formulas
$ 55.00
Walmart
$ 55.00
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Analysis

Metafolin, methylcobalamin, vitamin D3, natural vitamin E, iron glycinate, selenomethionine, and chelated trace minerals create a strong core. The formula is designed for broad daily coverage rather than a single nutrient goal.

Choline, calcium, magnesium, and iodine do not provide full prenatal coverage, and some nutrient entries appear duplicated in the supplied data. These gaps materially affect how complete and transparent the product is.

The product best fits pregnant adults seeking a form-focused capsule prenatal. Diet and any separate supplements still need to cover nutrients that are missing or only partly supplied.

Who is it for
  • Pregnant adults seeking a form-focused capsule prenatal
  • Users who can review total nutrient intake
  • People seeking broad daily coverage
Best for
  • High-quality prenatal micronutrient support
  • General micronutrient coverage
  • Filling selected dietary gaps

Pros

  • Uses active folate and methylcobalamin
  • Includes iron glycinate
  • Strong vitamin and mineral forms

Cons

  • Requires multiple capsules
  • Partial choline, calcium, and magnesium
  • Some label entries appear duplicated

Warnings

  • Iron can cause digestive effects and is dangerous to children in overdose
  • The high folate amount should be reviewed when combining prenatal products
  • Vitamin K requires coordination with warfarin therapy

Nutrient quality

81 Highest impact

Methylfolate, methylcobalamin, iron glycinate, citrate minerals, selenomethionine, and vitamin D3 are well-regarded forms. Iron, iodine, folate, and trace nutrients are meaningful, while choline and magnesium are modest.

.

Ingredient transparency

64 Moderate impact

Most nutrients have clear forms and amounts, but a proprietary carotenoid blend hides its constituents. Complete non-active ingredient details are not included in the supplied label data.

.

Customer satisfaction

59 Moderate impact

The supplied average rating provides limited high-level context. Detailed firsthand feedback is unavailable, so recurring complaints and purpose fit cannot be assessed.

.

Value for money

74 High impact

Premium forms partly justify the high serving cost. Strong iron and vitamin forms provide reasonable value despite modest choline and magnesium.

.
Report analysis

Goals

General Health
General Health
Impact
Highest effect
A+ Goal FitA Strength of SupportA CoverageA+ Formula Quality
Folate · 1667 mcg DFEVitamin B12 · 2.6 mcgVitamin D · 25 mcgMagnesium · 80 mgVitamin K · 90 mcgSelenium · 70 mcgZinc · 15 mgVitamin C · 70 mg

A broad prenatal profile supplies active folate, vitamin D3, chelated iron, zinc, iodine, and other foundational nutrients. The amounts generally fit life-stage nutrition and support blood formation, bone health, energy metabolism, and antioxidant defenses.

The formula uses many clearly named, bioavailable forms and keeps the active list focused. Choline and magnesium are modest, vitamin K is K1 rather than K2, and the iron amount makes intended use and total intake important.

Study evidence
Folate Supportive 80 studies
Magnesium Supportive 114 studies
Vitamin K Supportive 34 studies
Zinc Supportive 60 studies
Immunity
Immunity
Impact
Highest effect
A Goal FitA- Strength of SupportA CoverageA Formula Quality
Magnesium · 80 mgVitamin C · 70 mgZinc · 15 mgVitamin A · 2400 mcgVitamin D · 25 mcgSelenium · 70 mcg

Vitamins A, C, and D plus zinc and selenium provide broad immune-relevant nutrition in a prenatal context. The formula uses several well-absorbed mineral and vitamin forms with transparent amounts.

Zinc, vitamin D, and selenium are meaningful, while vitamin C provides a moderate contribution rather than a targeted immune amount. The broad nutrient list is purposeful for prenatal use, with only a small carotenoid blend adding limited opacity.

Study evidence
Iron Supportive 23 studies
Selenium Mixed 37 studies
Vitamin C Supportive 53 studies
Vitamin D Supportive 85 studies
Zinc Supportive 73 studies
Hair Health
Healthy Hair Growth Cycle
Hair Health
Impact
Highest effect
B+ Goal FitA- Strength of SupportB+ CoverageB Formula Quality
Biotin · 300 mcgVitamin D · 25 mcgZinc · 15 mgIron · 27 mgVitamin C · 70 mg

A meaningful iron amount plus zinc, vitamin D, iodine, selenium, copper, and B vitamins gives broad relevance to nutrition-related shedding. Hair benefit is most likely when iron or another included nutrient is actually low.

Well-chosen forms and balanced mineral pairings support a coherent formula. The iron amount is intended for prenatal needs and may be unnecessary for people without increased requirements or confirmed low iron.

Study evidence
Biotin Supportive 4 studies
Copper Adverse 4 studies
Iodine No effect 1 study
Iron Disputed 25 studies
Selenium Disputed 7 studies
Vitamin C Mixed 5 studies
Vitamin D Disputed 34 studies
Zinc Supportive 22 studies
Heart Health
Heart Health
Impact
Highest effect
B+ Goal FitB+ Strength of SupportA- CoverageA- Formula Quality
Vitamin K · 90 mcgMagnesium · 80 mgVitamin B12 · 2.6 mcgVitamin B6 · 2.2 mgFolate · 1667 mcg DFEVitamin D · 25 mcg

Methylfolate, vitamin B6, methylcobalamin, magnesium, vitamin D, and antioxidant nutrients provide several heart-relevant pathways in a prenatal context. Most forms and amounts are transparent and well chosen.

Magnesium is modest and the formula lacks omega-3 fats, coenzyme Q10, vitamin K2, or a direct vascular active. The high iron amount is purposeful for pregnancy but not broadly suitable as a heart supplement outside that context.

Study evidence
Folate Supportive 116 studies
Magnesium Supportive 158 studies
Vitamin B6 Supportive 44 studies
Vitamin D Mixed 164 studies
Vitamin K Mixed 62 studies
Energy
Essential Energy Nutrients
Energy
Impact
Highest effect
B+ Goal FitB+ Strength of SupportC+ CoverageA Formula Quality
Iodine · 150 mcgVitamin D · 25 mcgVitamin B5 · 6 mgMagnesium · 80 mgRiboflavin · 1.7 mgThiamin · 1.6 mgVitamin B12 · 2.6 mcgIron · 27 mg

Iron at 27 mg can support oxygen transport when pregnancy-related needs are high, while B vitamins support metabolism. Methylfolate, methylcobalamin, iodine, and several chelated minerals strengthen the prenatal design.

Energy benefits depend strongly on an actual nutrient shortfall rather than acting as a general stimulant. The iron amount is intended for prenatal use and should not be treated as a routine energy supplement outside that context.

Study evidence
Iodine Adverse 3 studies
Iron Supportive 74 studies
Magnesium Supportive 4 studies
Bone Health
Bone Mineral Preservation
Bone Health
Impact
High effect
B Goal FitB- Strength of SupportC+ CoverageB Formula Quality
Vitamin K · 90 mcgMagnesium · 80 mgCalcium · 200 mgVitamin D · 25 mcgCopper · 1 mgManganese · 2 mgZinc · 15 mgVitamin C · 70 mg

Calcium, magnesium, D3, K1, manganese, copper, zinc, and vitamin C create a well-aligned prenatal bone-support base. The main nutrients have established skeletal roles, although mineral amounts are moderate and K2 is absent.

The formula covers structural minerals, vitamin D and K signaling, trace cofactors, and vitamin C for matrix formation. Calcium and magnesium pair logically with D3, K1, and remodeling cofactors.

Study evidence
Calcium Supportive 144 studies
Copper Disputed 20 studies
Magnesium Supportive 48 studies
Manganese Adverse 12 studies
Vitamin C Supportive 46 studies
Vitamin D Supportive 202 studies
Vitamin K Supportive 78 studies
Zinc Supportive 33 studies

Ingredients

IngredientAmount per serving
Vitamin A (Beta-Carotene)
 2400 mcg
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
 70 mg
Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol, Vitamin D3)
 25 mcg
Vitamin E (D-Alpha-Tocopherol Succinate)
 12 mg
Vitamin K (Vitamin K1)
 90 mcg
Thiamine (Thiamine Hydrochloride, Vitamin B1)
 1.6 mg
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
 1.7 mg
Niacin (Niacinamide)
 20 mg
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine Hydrochloride)
 2.2 mg
Folate (Metafolin)
 1667 mcg DFE
Vitamin B12 (Methylcobalamin)
 2.6 mcg
Biotin
300 mcg
Pantothenic Acid (Calcium Pantothenate, Vitamin B5)
 6 mg
Choline (Choline Bitartrate)
 100 mg
Calcium
200 mg
Iron (Iron Glycinate)
 27 mg
Iodine (Potassium Iodide)
 150 mcg
Magnesium (Magnesium Citrate)
 80 mg
Zinc (Zinc Citrate)
 15 mg
Selenium (Selenomethionine)
 70 mcg
Copper (Copper Glycinate)
 1 mg
Manganese (Manganese Citrate)
 2 mg
Chromium (Chromium Polynicotinate)
 120 mcg
Molybdenum (TRAACS Molybdenum Glycinate Chelate)
 75 mcg
Proprietary Mixed Carotenoid Blend
450 mcg
Gluten Free Pregnant Women 18–50
Report overview
Iodine (Potassium Iodide) · 150 mcg OverallScore87
A+ Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityA+ Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyF Value

Potassium iodide provides a stable, readily absorbed iodine source at an amount suited to routine support. The two-capsule serving remains practical and avoids the heavy binders common to large tablets. Meaningful selenium adds useful context, but the per-serving cost remains high.

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Molybdenum (TRAACS Molybdenum Glycinate Chelate) · 75 mcg OverallScore85
A+ Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityA- Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyD+ Value

TRAACS molybdenum glycinate combines a premium chelate with verified source quality. The elemental amount reaches the effective target range and remains comfortably safe. The midrange serving cost produces fair value for the effective amount.

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Copper (Copper Glycinate) · 1 mg OverallScore84
A+ Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityA- Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyD+ Value

copper glycinate provides excellent absorption potential. The elemental amount suits daily maintenance and remains comfortably safe. Its zinc-to-copper balance is well aligned, while serving value is reasonable for the wider formula.

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Loading alternative details
84 Performance

Prenatal Advantage

Life Extension
<p>A well-rounded prenatal formula uses methylfolate, methylcobalamin, active riboflavin and vitamin B6, useful mineral forms, substantial choline, and meaningful DHA. Compared with PreNatal Nutrients, its disclosed nutrient forms and ingredient balance may address the original’s very high folate, modest choline and magnesium, and hidden carotenoid blend more directly. The absence of clear calcium and magnesium coverage is a notable limitation, but dose balance and value remain strong.</p>
78 Performance

Prenatal Multivitamin

NATURELO Premium Supplements
<p>Methylfolate, methylcobalamin, P5P, vitamin D3, vitamin K2, chelated zinc, glycinate selenium, iron, calcium, and magnesium create a well-designed prenatal base. Compared with PreNatal Nutrients, its disclosed nutrient forms and ingredient balance may address the original’s very high folate, modest choline and magnesium, and hidden carotenoid blend more directly. Choline remains modest, and the 27 mg iron amount may cause constipation or nausea in sensitive users even though it is commonly aligned with pregnancy needs.</p>
80 Performance

Baby & Me 2 Postnatal Multi

MegaFood
<p>Methylfolate, methylcobalamin, active riboflavin, chelated minerals, choline, iron, vitamin D3, and moringa create a thoughtful postnatal formula. Compared with PreNatal Nutrients, its disclosed nutrient forms and ingredient balance may address the original’s very high folate, modest choline and magnesium, and hidden carotenoid blend more directly. Choline remains below lactation needs, while the larger package improves serving value and the iodine amount may require coordination with thyroid care.</p>
75 Budget

Alive! Women's Energy Complete Multivitamin

Nature's Way
<p>A broad vitamin and mineral profile covers common daily needs at a practical serving size. Its lower recurring cost than PreNatal Nutrients improves affordability, although the intended age, sex, or life-stage fit should be checked carefully. Several minerals use basic oxide, carbonate, sulfate, or selenate forms, and the small produce blend adds little nutritional depth.</p>
78 Budget

Multi For Him

Nature Made
<p>A straightforward once-daily men’s multivitamin provides broad basic coverage at strong daily value. Its lower recurring cost than PreNatal Nutrients improves affordability, although the intended age, sex, or life-stage fit should be checked carefully. Conventional nutrient forms and modest calcium and magnesium keep it below premium formulas.</p>
85 Budget

Essential Blend Multi Mineral

Jigsaw Health
<p>Organic chelated trace minerals and meaningful amounts create a focused, high-quality mineral formula. Its lower recurring cost than PreNatal Nutrients improves affordability, although the intended age, sex, or life-stage fit should be checked carefully. Chromium is supplied at a substantial amount, and the limited review count reduces satisfaction certainty.</p>
71 Value

Raw Prenatal

Garden of Life Vitamin Code
<p>Well-sized folate, iron, iodine, zinc, vitamin D3, and MK-7 align closely with prenatal nutrition. Compared with PreNatal Nutrients, the lower recurring cost and disclosed nutrient profile offer a more favorable quality-to-cost balance. The prenatal iron and iodine amounts are intended for pregnancy-related needs and may be inappropriate for adults who do not need those levels.</p>
75 Value

TruMulti Women's Formula

PEScience
<p>Vitamin D3, vitamin K2, natural vitamin E forms, chelated iron, and a meaningful ashwagandha extract create a useful women-focused formula. Compared with PreNatal Nutrients, the lower recurring cost and disclosed nutrient profile offer a more favorable quality-to-cost balance. Duplicate vitamin E entries and several basic mineral or B-vitamin forms reduce precision, while ashwagandha may not suit thyroid-sensitive users.</p>
72 Value

Multi Vita Min

Pure Synergy
<p>Broad vitamin and trace-mineral coverage provides a capable general multivitamin foundation with vitamin D3 and vitamin K2. Compared with PreNatal Nutrients, the disclosed nutrient profile may justify the higher recurring cost for a well-matched user. Many mineral and B-vitamin forms are unspecified, while the premium serving cost is high for a formula that omits meaningful calcium and magnesium.</p>
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Sources

Published studies used for the product analysis and the top-ranked studies for each ingredient and goal.

  1. Comparison of concurrent treatment with vitamin K2 and risedronate compared with treatment with risedronate alone in patients with osteoporosis: Japanese Osteoporosis Intervention Trial-03.
    Tanaka S; Miyazaki T; Uemura Y; Miyakawa N; Gorai I; Nakamura T; Fukunaga M; Ohashi Y; Ohta H; Mori S; Hagino H; Hosoi T; Sugimoto T; Itoi E; Orimo H; Shiraki M · Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2018
    Randomized trial1,874 participantsBone Health forVitamin K
  2. Selenium supplementation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.
    Rees K; Hartley L; Day C; Flowers N; Clarke A; Stranges S · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2013
    Meta-analysis19,715 participants12 studies pooledGeneral Health forSelenium
  3. Interventions to Attenuate Cardiovascular Calcification Progression: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials.
    Murali S; Smith ER; Tiong MK; Tan SJ; Toussaint ND · Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024
    Systematic review9,901 participants49 studies pooledCardiovascular Support forVitamin K
  4. Relationship between blood manganese and bone mineral density and bone mineral content in adults: A population-based cross-sectional study.
    Wang C; Zhu Y; Long H; Ou M; Zhao S · PloS one · 2022
    Cross-sectional study9,732 participantsBone Health forManganese
  5. The Infatuation With Biotin Supplementation: Is There Truth Behind Its Rising Popularity? A Comparative Analysis of Clinical Efficacy versus Social Popularity.
    Soleymani T; Lo Sicco K; Shapiro J · Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD · 2018
    Narrative reviewHair Health forBiotin
  6. Mortality in randomized trials of antioxidant supplements for primary and secondary prevention: systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Bjelakovic G; Nikolova D; Gluud LL; Simonetti RG; Gluud C · JAMA · 2007
    Meta-analysis232,606 participants68 studies pooledGeneral Health forSelenium
  7. The relationship between vitamin K and peripheral arterial disease.
    Vissers LET; Dalmeijer GW; Boer JMA; Verschuren WMM; van der Schouw YT; Beulens JWJ · Atherosclerosis · 2017
    Cohort study36,629 participantsCardiovascular Support forVitamin K
  8. Investigating the interrelationship of vitamin K and vitamin D status on bone density: results from the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL.
    Chou SH; Booth SL; Cook NR; Kim E; Kotler G; Fu X; Buring JE; Manson JE; LeBoff MS · JBMR plus · 2026
    Randomized trial771 participantsBone Health forVitamin K
  9. Correlation between bone mineral density and serum trace element contents of elderly males in Beijing urban area.
    Wang L; Yu H; Yang G; Zhang Y; Wang W; Su T; Ma W; Yang F; Chen L; He L; Ma Y; Zhang Y · International journal of clinical and experimental medicine · 2016
    Cross-sectional study91 participantsBone Health forManganese
  10. Vitamins A, B, C, and D: A Short Review for the Dermatologist.
    Coerdt KM; Goggins CA; Khachemoune A · Alternative therapies in health and medicine · 2021
    Narrative reviewHair Health forBiotin
  11. Effect of long-term selenium supplementation on mortality: Results from a multiple-dose, randomised controlled trial.
    Rayman MP; Winther KH; Pastor-Barriuso R; Cold F; Thvilum M; Stranges S; Guallar E; Cold S · Free radical biology & medicine · 2019
    Randomized trial491 participantsGeneral Health forSelenium
  12. Circulating uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein, a marker of vitamin K status, as a risk factor of cardiovascular disease.
    van den Heuvel EG; van Schoor NM; Lips P; Magdeleyns EJ; Deeg DJ; Vermeer C; den Heijer M · Maturitas · 2014
    Cohort study577 participantsCardiovascular Support forVitamin K
  13. Vitamin K supplementation in postmenopausal women with osteopenia (ECKO trial): a randomized controlled trial.
    Cheung AM; Tile L; Lee Y; Tomlinson G; Hawker G; Scher J; Hu H; Vieth R; Thompson L; Jamal S; Josse R · PLoS medicine · 2009
    Randomized trial440 participantsBone Health forVitamin K
  14. The Role of Sex Steroid Hormones in the Association Between Manganese Exposure and Bone Mineral Density: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2018.
    Zhao X; Li J; Yu J; Shi Y; Tang M · Toxics · 2025
    Cross-sectional study8,617 participantsBone Health forManganese
  15. Low serum biotinidase activity in children with valproic acid monotherapy.
    Schulpis KH; Karikas GA; Tjamouranis J; Regoutas S; Tsakiris S · Epilepsia · 2001
    Clinical trial125 participantsHair Health Skin Health forBiotin
  16. Vitamin K Intake and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in the Danish Diet Cancer and Health Study.
    Bellinge JW; Dalgaard F; Murray K; Connolly E; Blekkenhorst LC; Bondonno CP; Lewis JR; Sim M; Croft KD; Gislason G; Torp-Pedersen C; Tjønneland A; Overvad K; Hodgson JM; Schultz C; Bondonno NP · Journal of the American Heart Association · 2021
    Cohort study53,372 participantsCardiovascular Support Heart Health forVitamin K
  17. Three-year low-dose menaquinone-7 supplementation helps decrease bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women.
    Knapen MH; Drummen NE; Smit E; Vermeer C; Theuwissen E · Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2014
    Randomized trial244 participantsBone Health forVitamin K
  18. Circulating Selenium and Cardiovascular or All-Cause Mortality in the General Population: a Meta-Analysis.
    Xiang S; Dai Z; Man C; Fan Y · Biological trace element research · 2021
    Meta-analysis25,667 participants12 studies pooledGeneral Health forSelenium
  19. Association of per- and polyfluoroalkylated substances/heavy metals and bone health in children and adolescents.
    Wei Y; Zhang Y; Ji Q; Yang S; Yang F · Frontiers in public health · 2024
    Cross-sectional study622 participantsBone Health forManganese
  20. The Role of Sesbania grandiflora-Derived Biotin and Bambusa arundinacea-Derived Silica Extracts in Promoting Hair, Skin, and Nail Health: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study.
    Patel MN; Maheshvari J; Patel N · Cureus · 2025
    Randomized trial105 participantsHair Health Skin Health forBiotin
  21. Does vitamin K2 play a role in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis for postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Huang ZB; Wan SL; Lu YJ; Ning L; Liu C; Fan SW · Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2015
    Meta-analysis6,759 participants19 studies pooledBone Health forVitamin K
  22. Menaquinone-7 supplementation improves arterial stiffness in healthy postmenopausal women. A double-blind randomised clinical trial.
    Knapen MH; Braam LA; Drummen NE; Bekers O; Hoeks AP; Vermeer C · Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2016
    Randomized trial244 participantsCardiovascular Support Heart Health forVitamin K
  23. Dietary Antioxidants, Circulating Antioxidant Concentrations, Total Antioxidant Capacity, and Risk of All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Observational Studies.
    Jayedi A; Rashidy-Pour A; Parohan M; Zargar MS; Shab-Bidar S · Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2019
    Meta-analysis507,251 participants41 studies pooledGeneral Health forSelenium
  24. Association between blood manganese and bone mineral density in US adolescents.
    Liu J; Tang Y; Chen Y; Zhang X; Xia Y; Geng B · Environmental science and pollution research international · 2023
    Cross-sectional study1,703 participantsBone Health forManganese
  25. Vitamin K and the prevention of fractures: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Cockayne S; Adamson J; Lanham-New S; Shearer MJ; Gilbody S; Torgerson DJ · Archives of internal medicine · 2006
    Meta-analysis13 studies pooledBone Health forVitamin K
  26. Intake of dietary phylloquinone and menaquinones and risk of stroke.
    Vissers LE; Dalmeijer GW; Boer JM; Monique Verschuren WM; van der Schouw YT; Beulens JW · Journal of the American Heart Association · 2014
    Cohort study35,476 participantsCardiovascular Support forVitamin K
  27. Selenium, antioxidants, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Jenkins DJA; Kitts D; Giovannucci EL; Sahye-Pudaruth S; Paquette M; Blanco Mejia S; Patel D; Kavanagh M; Tsirakis T; Kendall CWC; Pichika SC; Sievenpiper JL · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2021
    Meta-analysis43 studies pooledGeneral Health forSelenium
  28. Risk of Environmental Chemicals on Bone Fractures Is Independent of Low Bone Mass in US Adults: Insights from 2017 to 2018 NHANES.
    Ling R; Ai Y; Chen C; Zhang J; Zou Z; Cheng S; Li C; Li X; Wang B · Metabolites · 2023
    Cross-sectional study2,640 participantsBone Health forManganese
  29. Effect of combined administration of vitamin D3 and vitamin K2 on bone mineral density of the lumbar spine in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
    Iwamoto J; Takeda T; Ichimura S · Journal of orthopaedic science : official journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association · 2001
    Randomized trial92 participantsBone Health forVitamin K
  30. Effects of One-Year Menaquinone-7 Supplementation on Vascular Stiffness and Blood Pressure in Post-Menopausal Women.
    de Vries F; Bittner R; Maresz K; Machuron F; Gåserød O; Jeanne JF; Schurgers LJ · Nutrients · 2025
    Randomized trial165 participantsCardiovascular Support forVitamin K
  31. Selenium intake and multiple health-related outcomes: an umbrella review of meta-analyses.
    Wang P; Chen B; Huang Y; Li J; Cao D; Chen Z; Li J; Ran B; Yang J; Wang R; Wei Q; Dong Q; Liu L · Frontiers in nutrition · 2024
    Systematic reviewGeneral Health forSelenium
  32. Analysis of the association between mixed exposure to multiple metals and comorbidity of osteopenia or osteoporosis: baseline data from the Chinese Multi-Ethnic Cohort study (CMEC).
    Zhang Y; Chen C; Wu S; Nie C; Hu Y; Zhong J; Hong F · BMC public health · 2025
    Cross-sectional study9,206 participantsBone Health forManganese
  33. Vitamin K2 (menaquinone-7) prevents age-related deterioration of trabecular bone microarchitecture at the tibia in postmenopausal women.
    Rønn SH; Harsløf T; Pedersen SB; Langdahl BL · European journal of endocrinology · 2017
    Randomized trial148 participantsBone Health forVitamin K
  34. Dietary Vitamin K1 Intake and Incident Aortic Valve Stenosis.
    Schultz CJ; Dalgaard F; Bellinge JW; Murray K; Sim M; Connolly E; Blekkenhorst LC; Bondonno CP; Lewis JR; Gislason GH; Tjønneland A; Overvad K; Hodgson JM; Bondonno NP · Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2024
    Cohort study55,545 participantsCardiovascular Support Heart Health forVitamin K
  35. Associations of selenium status with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.
    Cui Z; Xie R; Lu X; Schomburg L; Brenner H; Schöttker B · Redox biology · 2025
    Meta-analysis95 participants20 studies pooledGeneral Health forSelenium
  36. Association of Urinary Cadmium and Antimony with Osteoporosis Risk in Postmenopausal Brazilian Women: Insights from a 20 Metal(loid) Biomonitoring Study.
    Kunioka CT; de Oliveira Souza VC; Rocha BA; Júnior FB; Belo L; Manso MC; Carvalho M · Toxics · 2025
    Cohort study380 participantsBone Health forManganese
  37. Two-year randomized controlled trial of vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) and vitamin D3 plus calcium on the bone health of older women.
    Bolton-Smith C; McMurdo ME; Paterson CR; Mole PA; Harvey JM; Fenton ST; Prynne CJ; Mishra GD; Shearer MJ · Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2007
    Randomized trial244 participantsBone Health forVitamin K
  38. Association of vitamin K with cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Chen HG; Sheng LT; Zhang YB; Cao AL; Lai YW; Kunutsor SK; Jiang L; Pan A · European journal of nutrition · 2020
    Meta-analysis222,592 participants21 studies pooledCardiovascular Support forVitamin K
  39. The association of low selenium and renal insufficiency with coronary heart disease and all-cause mortality: NHANES III follow-up study.
    Eaton CB; Abdul Baki AR; Waring ME; Roberts MB; Lu B · Atherosclerosis · 2011
    Cohort study10,531 participantsGeneral Health forSelenium
  40. The Manganese-Bone Connection: Investigating the Role of Manganese in Bone Health.
    Taskozhina G; Batyrova G; Umarova G; Issanguzhina Z; Kereyeva N · Journal of clinical medicine · 2024
    Narrative reviewBone Health forManganese
  41. Efficacy and safety of vitamin K2 for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis at a long-term follow-up: meta-analysis and systematic review.
    Zhou M; Han S; Zhang W; Wu D · Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2022
    Meta-analysis6,853 participants9 studies pooledBone Health forVitamin K
  42. Vitamin K1 and progression of cardiovascular calcifications in hemodialysis patients: the VitaVasK randomized controlled trial.
    Saritas T; Reinartz S; Krüger T; Ketteler M; Liangos O; Labriola L; Stenvinkel P; Kopp C; Westenfeld R; Evenepoel P; Siepmann R; Wied S; Hilgers RD; Schurgers L; Floege J; VitaVasK Investigators · Clinical kidney journal · 2026
    Randomized trial60 participantsCardiovascular Support forVitamin K
  43. The efficacy and safety of selenium supplementation versus placebo in the treatment of Graves' orbitopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
    Sharabati I; Qafesha RM; Hindawi MD; Amro S; Ayesh BM · Clinical endocrinology · 2024
    Meta-analysis4 studies pooledGeneral Health forSelenium
  44. Associations of multiple metals with bone mineral density: A population-based study in US adults.
    Wei MH; Cui Y; Zhou HL; Song WJ; Di DS; Zhang RY; Huang Q; Liu JA; Wang Q · Chemosphere · 2021
    Cross-sectional studyBone Health forManganese
  45. What is the impact of daily oral supplementation of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) plus calcium on the incidence of hip fracture in older people? A systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Manoj P; Derwin R; George S · International journal of older people nursing · 2023
    Meta-analysis12,620 participants7 studies pooledBone Health forCalcium
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  50. The Association between Dietary and Circulating Copper Levels and Osteoporosis: a Scoping Review.
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    Chen M; Jia L; Gao R · Frontiers in nutrition · 2024
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    Hu M; Wang Z; Li C; Zheng Y; Hu J · Medicine · 2025
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  56. Bioabsorbable Magnesium-Based Materials Potential and Safety in Bone Surgery: A Systematic Review.
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  57. Vascularized bone grafting fixed by biodegradable magnesium screw for treating osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
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  61. Can Dietary Intake of Vitamin C-Oriented Foods Reduce the Risk of Osteoporosis, Fracture, and BMD Loss? Systematic Review With Meta-Analyses of Recent Studies.
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  73. Zinc Supplementation Increases Procollagen Type 1 Amino-Terminal Propeptide in Premenarcheal Girls: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
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  78. Adiposity May Moderate the Link Between Choline Intake and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
    Mazidi M; Katsiki N; Mikhailidis DP; Banach M · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · 2020
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  79. Choline and Choline-Related Metabolites in Pediatric Short Bowel Syndrome.
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  80. Choline Supplementation in Cystic Fibrosis-The Metabolic and Clinical Impact.
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  81. 1H MR Spectroscopy at 3T for Hepatic Choline Quantification in Healthy Young Women: A Translational Imaging Study with Dietary Correlation.
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  82. Human molybdenum exposure risk in industrial regions of China: New critical effect indicators and reference dose.
    Kuang HX; Li MY; Zeng XW; Chen D; Zhou Y; Zheng T; Xiang MD; Wu QZ; Chen XC; Dong GH; Yu YJ · Ecotoxicology and environmental safety · 2024
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  83. Supplementation with selenium can influence nausea, fatigue, physical, renal, and liver function of children and adolescents with cancer.
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  85. Comprehensive Insights into the Health Effects of Selenium Exposure and Supplementation Among the Chinese Community Middle-Aged and Elderly: a Combined Retrospective Cohort Study and Intervention Study.
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  86. Heavy metals and metalloids exposure and liver function in Chinese adults - A nationally representative cross-sectional study.
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  87. Selenium-Biofortified Strawberries Improve Glucose Homeostasis and Hepatic Function: A 30-Day Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy Adults.
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  88. Vitamin C supplementation ameliorates liver function profile and antiviral treatment response in Hepatitis C patients.
    Nayila I; Javed MS; Khan MA; Hussain G; Raza Naqvi SA; Ali S; Jabeen Z; Shahnawaz S; Akram R; Iman T; Hassan Dogar MZ; Malik SA · Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2022
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  89. Effect of ascorbic acid-rich diet on in vivo-induced oxidative stress.
    Alleva R; Di Donato F; Strafella E; Staffolani S; Nocchi L; Borghi B; Pignotti E; Santarelli L; Tomasetti M · The British journal of nutrition · 2012
    Non-randomized trial46 participantsDetoxification forVitamin C
  90. Dietary Vitamin C Intake Is Associated With Improved Liver Function and Glucose Metabolism in Chinese Adults.
    Luo X; Zhang W; He Z; Yang H; Gao J; Wu P; Ma ZF · Frontiers in nutrition · 2022
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  91. Plasma ascorbate deficiency is associated with impaired reduction of sulfamethoxazole-nitroso in HIV infection.
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  94. Efficacy of Zinc Supplement in Minimal hepatic Encephalopathy: A prospective, Randomized Controlled Study (Zinc-MHE Trial).
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  95. Effect of zinc on liver cirrhosis with hyperammonemia: a preliminary randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind trial.
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  96. Effects of low dose zinc supplementation on biochemical markers in non-alcoholic cirrhosis: a randomized clinical trial.
    Somi MH; Rezaeifar P; Ostad Rahimi A; Moshrefi B · Archives of Iranian medicine · 2012
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  97. Correlation of Serum Zinc Levels with Hepatic Encephalopathy Severity in Patients with Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis: A Prospective Observational Study from Egypt.
    Semeya AA; Elgamal R; Othman AAA · Biological trace element research · 2025
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  102. The Effect of Parenteral or Oral Iron Supplementation on Fatigue, Sleep, Quality of Life and Restless Legs Syndrome in Iron-Deficient Blood Donors: A Secondary Analysis of the IronWoMan RCT.
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    Randomized trial252 participantsEnergy forIron
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    Randomized trial164 participantsEnergy forIron
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  106. Magnesium-L-threonate improves sleep quality and daytime functioning in adults with self-reported sleep problems: A randomized controlled trial.
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  117. Association of magnesium sulfate use with mortality in critically ill patients with sepsis: a retrospective propensity score-matched cohort study.
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  118. Hypomagnesemia and Mortality in Incident Hemodialysis Patients.
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  121. Vitamin K status, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality: a participant-level meta-analysis of 3 US cohorts.
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    Treister-Goltzman Y; Yarza S; Peleg R · Skin appendage disorders · 2022
    Meta-analysis10,029 participants36 studies pooledHair Health forIron
  137. Comparative Analysis of Postoperative Hair Loss and Micronutrient Deficiencies After One-Anastomosis Gastric Bypass Versus Sleeve Gastrectomy.
    Chinisaz F; Maleki T; Najjari K; Miratashi Yazdi SA · Obesity surgery · 2026
    Cohort study261 participantsHair Health forIron
  138. Assessment of Serum Ferritin Levels in Female Patients With Telogen Effluvium.
    Thamotharan N; Harikumar MV; Sundaram M; Swaminathan A; Rangarajan S · Cureus · 2026
    Cross-sectional study100 participantsHair Health forIron
  139. Diagnosis and treatment of female alopecia: Focusing on the iron deficiency-related alopecia.
    Lin CS; Chan LY; Wang JH; Chang CH · Tzu chi medical journal · 2023
    Cohort study155 participantsHair Health forIron
  140. Beyond Efficacy: 0.6% Selenium Disulfide Shampoo Matches 2% Ketoconazole for Seborrheic Dermatitis with Superior Cosmesis.
    Farris PK; Barbosa V; Houshman EB; Kovylkina N · Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD · 2026
    Randomized trial87 participantsHair Health forSelenium
  141. Selenium Disulfide-based shampoo applied for 4 weeks significantly improves dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis.
    Turcu G; Artenie C; Nowicka D; Arenbergerová M; Lazaridou E; Khobzei K; Ataseven A; Part M; Leclerc-Mercier S · European journal of dermatology : EJD · 2023
    Observational study1,407 participantsHair Health forSelenium
  142. A Comparative Randomized Clinical Study Assessing the Efficacy of a 1% Selenium Disulfide-Based Shampoo versus 2% Ketoconazole Shampoo in Subjects with Moderate to Severe Scalp Seborrheic Dermatitis.
    Barbosa V; Melo DF; Vañó-Galván S; Lutchmanen-Kolanthan V; Sant'Anna B; Leclerc-Mercier S; Reygagne P · Skin appendage disorders · 2025
    Randomized trial64 participantsHair Health forSelenium
  143. Changes of serum trace elements level in patients with alopecia areata: A meta-analysis.
    Jin W; Zheng H; Shan B; Wu Y · The Journal of dermatology · 2018
    Meta-analysis764 participantsHair Health forSelenium
  144. Scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake level for selenium.
    EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA); Turck D; Bohn T; Castenmiller J; de Henauw S; Hirsch-Ernst KI; Knutsen HK; Maciuk A; Mangelsdorf I; McArdle HJ; Peláez C; Pentieva K; Siani A; Thies F; Tsabouri S; Vinceti M; Aggett P; Crous Bou M; Cubadda F; Ciccolallo L; de Sesmaisons Lecarré A; Fabiani L; Titz A; Naska A · EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2023
    Systematic reviewHair Health forSelenium
  145. Management of hair loss associated with endocrine therapy in patients with breast cancer: an overview.
    Karatas F; Sahin S; Sever AR; Altundag K · SpringerPlus · 2016
    Narrative reviewHair Health forVitamin C
  146. Elucidating causal relationships of diet-derived circulating antioxidants and the risk of non-scarring alopecia: A Mendelian randomization study.
    Ba Y; Shen L; Peng X; Zhang Y; Wang J · Medicine · 2024
    Methods validation study201,019 participantsHair Health forVitamin C
  147. Alterations of plasma antioxidants and mitochondrial DNA mutation in hair follicles of smokers.
    Liu CS; Chen HW; Lii CK; Tsai CS; Kuo CL; Wei YH · Environmental and molecular mutagenesis · 2002
    Observational studyHair Health forVitamin C
  148. Removal of synthetic hair dye using formamidine sulfinic acid and other sulfinate precursors.
    Hawkes JA; Lewis DM; Mama J; Murray J · International journal of cosmetic science · 2026
    Methods validation studyHair Health forVitamin C
  149. A Zinc Sulphate-Resistant Acrodermatitis Enteropathica Patient with a Novel Mutation in SLC39A4 Gene.
    Kilic M; Taskesen M; Coskun T; Gürakan F; Tokatli A; Sivri HS; Dursun A; Schmitt S; Küry S · JIMD reports · 2013
    Case reportHair Health forVitamin C
  150. Increased prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with alopecia areata: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Lee S; Kim BJ; Lee CH; Lee WS · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2018
    Meta-analysis2,039 participants14 studies pooledHair Health forVitamin D
  151. Intralesional vitamin D3 in treatment of alopecia areata: A randomized controlled clinical trial.
    Rashad AF; Elgamal E; Fouda I · Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2022
    Randomized trial60 participantsHair Health forVitamin D
  152. Vitamin D and its Analogs in Treatment of Mild to Moderate Alopecia Areata: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
    Alsaati AA; Kaliyadan F; Alsaadoun D; Alzakry LM; Alzabadin RA; Hakami TH; Rubaian NFB · Indian dermatology online journal · 2025
    Meta-analysisHair Health forVitamin D
  153. Topical calcipotriol vs narrowband ultraviolet B in treatment of alopecia areata: a randomized-controlled trial.
    El Taieb MA; Hegazy EM; Ibrahim HM; Osman AB; Abualhamd M · Archives of dermatological research · 2020
    Randomized trial60 participantsHair Health forVitamin D
  154. Serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D in non-scarring alopecia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Chen Y; Dong X; Wang Y; Li Y; Xiong L; Li L · Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2024
    Meta-analysis10,670 participants23 studies pooledHair Health forVitamin D
  155. The effects of minoxidil, 1% pyrithione zinc and a combination of both on hair density: a randomized controlled trial.
    Berger RS; Fu JL; Smiles KA; Turner CB; Schnell BM; Werchowski KM; Lammers KM · The British journal of dermatology · 2003
    Randomized trial200 participantsHair Health forZinc
  156. Incubatory environment of the scalp impacts pre-emergent hair to affect post-emergent hair cuticle integrity.
    Schwartz JR; Henry JP; Kerr KM; Flagler MJ; Page SH; Redman-Furey N · Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2018
    Randomized trialHair Health forZinc
  157. A comparison of hair quality and cosmetic acceptance following the use of two anti-dandruff shampoos.
    Draelos ZD; Kenneally DC; Hodges LT; Billhimer W; Copas M; Margraf C · The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings · 2006
    Randomized trial40 participantsHair Health forZinc
  158. BMI and levels of zinc, copper in hair, serum and urine of Turkish male patients with androgenetic alopecia.
    Ozturk P; Kurutas E; Ataseven A; Dokur N; Gumusalan Y; Gorur A; Tamer L; Inaloz S · Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS) · 2015
    Case-control study216 participantsHair Health forZinc
  159. Analysis of serum zinc and copper concentrations in hair loss.
    Kil MS; Kim CW; Kim SS · Annals of dermatology · 2013
    Case-control study342 participantsHair Health forZinc
  160. Folic Acid Therapy Reduces the First Stroke Risk Associated With Hypercholesterolemia Among Hypertensive Patients.
    Qin X; Li J; Spence JD; Zhang Y; Li Y; Wang X; Wang B; Sun N; Chen F; Guo J; Yin D; Sun L; Tang G; He M; Fu J; Cai Y; Shi X; Ye P; Chen H; Zhao S; Chen M; Gao C; Kong X; Hou FF; Huang Y; Huo Y · Stroke · 2017
    Randomized trial20,702 participantsHeart Health forFolate
  161. Periconception Red Blood Cell Folate and Offspring Congenital Heart Disease : Nested Case-Control and Mendelian Randomization Studies.
    Chen H; Zhang Y; Wang D; Chen X; Li M; Huang X; Jiang Y; Dou Y; Wang Y; Ma X; Sheng W; Jia B; Yan W; Huang G; SPCC (Shanghai Preconception Cohort) Group · Annals of internal medicine · 2022
    Case-control study985 participantsHeart Health forFolate
  162. Intake of vitamin B6, folate, and vitamin B12 and risk of coronary heart disease: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.
    Jayedi A; Zargar MS · Critical reviews in food science and nutrition · 2020
    Meta-analysis369,746 participants11 studies pooledHeart Health forFolate Heart Health forVitamin B6
  163. Folate Biomarkers, Folate Intake, and Risk of Death From All Causes, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.
    Fallah M; Karim Dehnavi M; Lotfi K; Aminianfar A; Azadbakht L; Esmaillzadeh A · Nutrition reviews · 2025
    Meta-analysis423,304 participants25 studies pooledHeart Health forFolate
  164. The association between folic acid supplementation and congenital heart defects: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Wondemagegn AT; Afework M · SAGE open medicine · 2022
    Meta-analysis37 studies pooledHeart Health forFolate
  165. Quantitative Association Between Serum/Dietary Magnesium and Cardiovascular Disease/Coronary Heart Disease Risk: A Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.
    Zhao L; Hu M; Yang L; Xu H; Song W; Qian Y; Zhao M · Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology · 2020
    Meta-analysis544,581 participants18 studies pooledHeart Health forMagnesium
  166. Effects of magnesium supplementation on improving hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension in type 2 diabetes: A pooled analysis of 24 randomized controlled trials.
    Xu L; Li X; Wang X; Xu M · Frontiers in nutrition · 2023
    Meta-analysis1,325 participants24 studies pooledHeart Health forMagnesium
  167. The effect of lowering blood pressure by magnesium supplementation in diabetic hypertensive adults with low serum magnesium levels: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
    Guerrero-Romero F; Rodríguez-Morán M · Journal of human hypertension · 2009
    Randomized trial82 participantsHeart Health forMagnesium
  168. Positive effects of magnesium supplementation in metabolic syndrome.
    Kisters S; Kisters K; Werner T; Vormann J; Tokmak F; Westhoff T; Gröber U; Predel HG; Reuter H · International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2024
    Randomized trial54 participantsHeart Health forMagnesium
  169. Comparative Efficacy of Nutraceuticals on Endothelial Function: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.
    Norouzzadeh M; Rashedi MH; Mahdavi-Mazdeh G; Kosari A; Shahinfar H · Current atherosclerosis reports · 2026
    Meta-analysisHeart Health forMagnesium Heart Health forVitamin D
  170. Folate and vitamin B6 from diet and supplements in relation to risk of coronary heart disease among women.
    Rimm EB; Willett WC; Hu FB; Sampson L; Colditz GA; Manson JE; Hennekens C; Stampfer MJ · JAMA · 1998
    Cohort study80,082 participantsHeart Health forVitamin B6
  171. Intake of folate, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 and the risk of CHD: the Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study Cohort I.
    Ishihara J; Iso H; Inoue M; Iwasaki M; Okada K; Kita Y; Kokubo Y; Okayama A; Tsugane S; JPHC Study Group · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · 2008
    Cohort study40,803 participantsHeart Health forVitamin B6
  172. The effect of B-vitamins on the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Miao Y; Guo Y; Chen Y; Lin Y; Lu Y; Guo Q · Nutrition reviews · 2024
    Meta-analysisHeart Health forVitamin B6
  173. Folate and vitamin B(6) intake and risk of acute myocardial infarction in Italy.
    Tavani A; Pelucchi C; Parpinel M; Negri E; La Vecchia C · European journal of clinical nutrition · 2005
    Case-control study985 participantsHeart Health forVitamin B6
  174. Vitamin D supplementation for cardiometabolic risk markers in pregnant women based on the gestational diabetes mellitus or obesity status : a randomized clinical trial.
    Yin WJ; Wang P; Ma SS; Tao RX; Hu HL; Jiang XM; Zhang Y; Tao FB; Zhu P · European journal of nutrition · 2024
    Randomized trial1,537 participantsHeart Health forVitamin D
  175. Paricalcitol and endothelial function in chronic kidney disease trial.
    Zoccali C; Curatola G; Panuccio V; Tripepi R; Pizzini P; Versace M; Bolignano D; Cutrupi S; Politi R; Tripepi G; Ghiadoni L; Thadhani R; Mallamaci F · Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2015
    Randomized trial88 participantsHeart Health forVitamin D
  176. Vitamin D Supplementation, Serum 25(OH)D Concentrations and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
    Mirhosseini N; Rainsbury J; Kimball SM · Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2020
    Meta-analysis81 studies pooledHeart Health forVitamin D
  177. Does vitamin D supplementation modulate metabolic risk factors of cardiovascular disease? A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.
    Abumweis S; Alqadi S; Al Tarteer A; Alrefai W; Alzoughool F; Jew S; Qudah T · Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition · 2026
    Meta-analysis45 studies pooledHeart Health forVitamin D
  178. The effect of vitamin K1 on arterial calcification activity in subjects with diabetes mellitus: a post hoc analysis of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
    Bellinge JW; Francis RJ; Lee SC; Bondonno NP; Sim M; Lewis JR; Watts GF; Schultz CJ · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022
    Randomized trial149 participantsHeart Health forVitamin K
  179. Association between vitamin K1 intake and mortality in the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health cohort.
    Palmer CR; Bellinge JW; Dalgaard F; Sim M; Murray K; Connolly E; Blekkenhorst LC; Bondonno CP; Croft KD; Gislason G; Tjønneland A; Overvad K; Schultz C; Lewis JR; Hodgson JM; Bondonno NP · European journal of epidemiology · 2021
    Cohort study56,048 participantsHeart Health forVitamin K
  180. The immune response in iron-deficient children: Impaired cellular defense mechanisms with altered humoral components.
    Macdougall LG; Anderson R; McNab GM; Katz J · The Journal of pediatrics · 1975
    Single-arm trial27 participantsImmunity forIron
  181. The role of iron homeostasis in remodeling immune function and regulating inflammatory disease.
    Mu Q; Chen L; Gao X; Shen S; Sheng W; Min J; Wang F · Science bulletin · 2023
    Narrative reviewImmunity forIron
  182. Hepcidin--a peptide hormone at the interface of innate immunity and iron metabolism.
    Ganz T · Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2006
    Narrative reviewImmunity forIron
  183. Adaptive immunity and vaccination - iron in the spotlight.
    Preston AE; Drakesmith H; Frost JN · Immunotherapy advances · 2025
    Narrative reviewImmunity forIron
  184. Buried Treasure: Evolutionary Perspectives on Microbial Iron Piracy.
    Barber MF; Elde NC · Trends in genetics : TIG · 2016
    Narrative reviewImmunity forIron
  185. Effects of selenium supplementation on selenoprotein gene expression and response to influenza vaccine challenge: a randomised controlled trial.
    Goldson AJ; Fairweather-Tait SJ; Armah CN; Bao Y; Broadley MR; Dainty JR; Furniss C; Hart DJ; Teucher B; Hurst R · PloS one · 2011
    Randomized trial119 participantsImmunity forSelenium
  186. Effect of selenium on immune response against hepatitis B vaccine with accelerated method in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients.
    Janbakhsh A; Mansouri F; Vaziri S; Sayad B; Afsharian M; Rahimi M; Shahebrahimi K; Salari F · Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2013
    Randomized trial62 participantsImmunity forSelenium
  187. Chemoprevention trial of human hepatitis with selenium supplementation in China.
    Yu SY; Li WG; Zhu YJ; Yu WP; Hou C · Biological trace element research · 1990
    Non-randomized trial20,847 participantsImmunity forSelenium
  188. Selenium nanoparticles as adjunctive therapy in sepsis: A pilot randomized clinical trial.
    Gu WJ; Huang W; Zhao FZ; Yuan XK; Jin K; Chen JL; Zhang CY; Huang Y; He L; Zhuang H; Yin HY; Chen T · Drug resistance updates : reviews and commentaries in antimicrobial and anticancer chemotherapy · 2026
    Randomized trial70 participantsImmunity forSelenium
  189. Selenium supplementation in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis decreases thyroid peroxidase antibodies concentrations.
    Gärtner R; Gasnier BC; Dietrich JW; Krebs B; Angstwurm MW · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2002
    Randomized trial70 participantsImmunity forSelenium
  190. Vitamin C and contribution to the normal function of the immune system: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006.
    EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) · EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2026
    Guideline / consensusImmunity forVitamin C
  191. Therapeutic effects of high-dose vitamin C supplementation in patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis.
    Sun L; Zhao JH; Fan WY; Feng B; Liu WW; Chen RQ; Ban C; Dang AG; Wang M; Luo KT; Zhou GY; Yu FF; Ba Y · Nutrition reviews · 2024
    Meta-analysis2,334 participants14 studies pooledImmunity forVitamin C
  192. Effect of micronutrient supplements on influenza and other respiratory tract infections among adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Abioye AI; Bromage S; Fawzi W · BMJ global health · 2021
    Meta-analysisImmunity forVitamin C
  193. New evidence for antioxidant properties of vitamin C.
    Vojdani A; Bazargan M; Vojdani E; Wright J · Cancer detection and prevention · 2001
    Randomized trial20 participantsImmunity forVitamin C
  194. Enhanced Vitamin C Delivery: A Systematic Literature Review Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Alternative Supplement Forms in Healthy Adults.
    Calder PC; Kreider RB; McKay DL · Nutrients · 2025
    Systematic review13 studies pooledImmunity forVitamin C
  195. Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory infections: individual participant data meta-analysis.
    Martineau AR; Jolliffe DA; Greenberg L; Aloia JF; Bergman P; Dubnov-Raz G; Esposito S; Ganmaa D; Ginde AA; Goodall EC; Grant CC; Janssens W; Jensen ME; Kerley CP; Laaksi I; Manaseki-Holland S; Mauger D; Murdoch DR; Neale R; Rees JR; Simpson S; Stelmach I; Trilok Kumar G; Urashima M; Camargo CA; Griffiths CJ; Hooper RL · Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2020
    Meta-analysis11,321 participants25 studies pooledImmunity forVitamin D
  196. Association Between Vitamin D and Influenza: Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
    Zhu Z; Zhu X; Gu L; Zhan Y; Chen L; Li X · Frontiers in nutrition · 2022
    Meta-analysis4,859 participants10 studies pooledImmunity forVitamin D
  197. Vitamin D3 and deconvoluting a rash.
    Ernst MK; Evans ST; Techner JM; Rothbaum RM; Christensen LF; Onay UV; Biyashev D; Demczuk MM; Nguyen CV; Honda KS; McCormick TS; Tsoi LC; Gudjonsson JE; Cooper KD; Lu KQ · JCI insight · 2023
    Randomized trial28 participantsImmunity forVitamin D
  198. Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on cellular immunity and inflammatory markers in COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU.
    Bychinin MV; Klypa TV; Mandel IA; Yusubalieva GM; Baklaushev VP; Kolyshkina NA; Troitsky AV · Scientific reports · 2022
    Randomized trial110 participantsImmunity forVitamin D
  199. Current opinion on the role of vitamin D supplementation in respiratory infections and asthma/COPD exacerbations: A need to establish publication guidelines for overcoming the unpublished data.
    Anitua E; Tierno R; Alkhraisat MH · Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2022
    Meta-analysis50,554 participants65 studies pooledImmunity forVitamin D
  200. Nutrient supplementation for prevention of viral respiratory tract infections in healthy subjects: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Vlieg-Boerstra B; de Jong N; Meyer R; Agostoni C; De Cosmi V; Grimshaw K; Milani GP; Muraro A; Oude Elberink H; Pali-Schöll I; Roduit C; Sasaki M; Skypala I; Sokolowska M; van Splunter M; Untersmayr E; Venter C; O'Mahony L; Nwaru BI · Allergy · 2022
    Meta-analysis199,055 participants115 studies pooledImmunity forZinc
  201. Zinc supplementation reduces the incidence of acute lower respiratory infections in infants and preschool children: a double-blind, controlled trial.
    Sazawal S; Black RE; Jalla S; Mazumdar S; Sinha A; Bhan MK · Pediatrics · 1998
    Randomized trial609 participantsImmunity forZinc
  202. A randomized controlled trial of zinc supplementation in the treatment of acute respiratory tract infection in Thai children.
    Rerksuppaphol S; Rerksuppaphol L · Pediatric reports · 2020
    Randomized trial64 participantsImmunity forZinc
  203. The effect of zinc and vitamin A supplementation on immune response in an older population.
    Fortes C; Forastiere F; Agabiti N; Fano V; Pacifici R; Virgili F; Piras G; Guidi L; Bartoloni C; Tricerri A; Zuccaro P; Ebrahim S; Perucci CA · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 1998
    Randomized trial136 participantsImmunity forZinc
  204. The role of specific nutrients in preventing immune system and blood cell disorders: an umbrella review.
    Vecchietti A; Strano P; Minutolo G; Grieco V; Cappuccio G; Granvillano G; Confalonieri L; Briganti GL; Raso E; Chimienti M; Pellegrini M; Mercogliano M; Spatari G; Lugli C; Urbano T; Lorenzon A · Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2026
    Systematic review13 studies pooledImmunity forZinc
  205. Effects of daily iron supplementation in primary-school-aged children: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Low M; Farrell A; Biggs BA; Pasricha SR · CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2014
    Meta-analysis7,089 participants32 studies pooledProductivity Boost forIron
  206. Consumption of Iron-Biofortified Beans Positively Affects Cognitive Performance in 18- to 27-Year-Old Rwandan Female College Students in an 18-Week Randomized Controlled Efficacy Trial.
    Murray-Kolb LE; Wenger MJ; Scott SP; Rhoten SE; Lung'aho MG; Haas JD · The Journal of nutrition · 2017
    Randomized trial150 participantsProductivity Boost forIron
  207. Functional consequences of iron supplementation in iron-deficient female cotton mill workers in Beijing, China.
    Li R; Chen X; Yan H; Deurenberg P; Garby L; Hautvast JG · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 1994
    Randomized trial80 participantsProductivity Boost forIron
  208. The Effect of Iron-Fortified Lentils on Blood and Cognitive Status among Adolescent Girls in Bangladesh.
    Barnett AL; Wenger MJ; Yunus FM; Jalal C; DellaValle DM · Nutrients · 2023
    Randomized trial359 participantsProductivity Boost forIron
  209. Daily iron supplementation for improving anaemia, iron status and health in menstruating women.
    Low MS; Speedy J; Styles CE; De-Regil LM; Pasricha SR · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016
    Meta-analysis8,506 participants67 studies pooledProductivity Boost forIron
  210. Evaluation of biophysical skin parameters and hair changes in patients with acne vulgaris treated with isotretinoin, and the effect of biotin use on these parameters.
    Aksac SE; Bilgili SG; Yavuz GO; Yavuz IH; Aksac M; Karadag AS · International journal of dermatology · 2021
    Non-randomized trial60 participantsSkin Health forBiotin
  211. Generalized seborrhoeic dermatitis. Clinical and therapeutic data of 25 patients.
    Messaritakis J; Kattamis C; Karabula C; Matsaniotis N · Archives of disease in childhood · 1976
    Non-randomized trial25 participantsSkin Health forBiotin
  212. Holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency: novel clinical and molecular findings.
    Tammachote R; Janklat S; Tongkobpetch S; Suphapeetiporn K; Shotelersuk V · Clinical genetics · 2010
    Case series4 participantsSkin Health forBiotin
  213. Noninferiority of Copper Dressings Than Negative Pressure Wound Therapy in Healing Diabetic Wounds: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
    Melamed E; Dabbah J; Israel T; Kan I; Pinzur MS; Roth T; Borkow G · Advances in wound care · 2026
    Randomized trialSkin Health forCopper
  214. Improvement of facial skin characteristics using copper oxide containing pillowcases: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel, randomized study.
    Borkow G; Gabbay J; Lyakhovitsky A; Huszar M · International journal of cosmetic science · 2010
    Randomized trial57 participantsSkin Health forCopper
  215. Radially Electrospun Fibrous Membrane Incorporated with Copper Peroxide Nanodots Capable of Self-Catalyzed Chemodynamic Therapy for Angiogenesis and Healing Acceleration of Diabetic Wounds.
    Huang Y; Qi L; Liu Z; Jiang Y; Wang J; Liu L; Li Y; Zhang L; Feng G · ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2023
    Animal experimentSkin Health forCopper
  216. Engineering copper nanoparticle/polysaccharide-immobilized cotton gauze for accelerated healing of Staphylococcus aureus-infected dermal wounds.
    Sahoo M; Banerjee T; Virkar S; Das S; Biswas S; Mitra D · Journal of materials chemistry. B · 2026
    Animal experimentSkin Health forCopper
  217. Stimulation of Healing of Non-Infected Stagnated Diabetic Wounds by Copper Oxide-Impregnated Wound Dressings.
    Melamed E; Rovitsky A; Roth T; Assa L; Borkow G · Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021
    Single-arm trialSkin Health forCopper
  218. Comparative clinical trial of bifonazole solution versus selenium sulphide shampoo in the treatment of pityriasis versicolor.
    Chu AC · Dermatologica · 1985
    Randomized trial38 participantsSkin Health forSelenium
  219. Selenium supplementation and secondary prevention of nonmelanoma skin cancer in a randomized trial.
    Duffield-Lillico AJ; Slate EH; Reid ME; Turnbull BW; Wilkins PA; Combs GF; Park HK; Gross EG; Graham GF; Stratton MS; Marshall JR; Clark LC; Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Study Group · Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2003
    Randomized trial1,312 participantsSkin Health forSelenium
  220. Evidence-Based Nutritional Interventions in Wound Care.
    Saeg F; Orazi R; Bowers GM; Janis JE · Plastic and reconstructive surgery · 2021
    Systematic review2,339 participants36 studies pooledSkin Health forSelenium Skin Health forVitamin E Skin Health forZinc
  221. A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial evaluating the effects of vitamin E and selenium on arsenic-induced skin lesions in Bangladesh.
    Verret WJ; Chen Y; Ahmed A; Islam T; Parvez F; Kibriya MG; Graziano JH; Ahsan H · Journal of occupational and environmental medicine · 2006
    Randomized trial121 participantsSkin Health forSelenium
  222. The Whitening, Moisturizing, Anti-aging Activities, and Skincare Evaluation of Selenium-Enriched Mung Bean Fermentation Broth.
    Wei K; Guo C; Zhu J; Wei Y; Wu M; Huang X; Zhang M; Li J; Wang X; Wang Y; Wei X · Frontiers in nutrition · 2022
    Clinical trial31 participantsSkin Health forSelenium
  223. Efficacy and Tolerability of Topical 0.1% Stabilized Bioactive Retinol for Photoaging: A Vehicle-Controlled Integrated Analysis.
    Farris P; Berson D; Bhatia N; Goldberg D; Lain E; Mariwalla K; Zeichner J; Miller D; McGuire T; Kizoulis M · Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD · 2024
    Meta-analysis471 participants6 studies pooledSkin Health forVitamin A
  224. Tensile properties and contours of aging facial skin. A controlled double-blind comparative study of the effects of retinol, melibiose-lactose and their association.
    Piérard-Franchimont C; Castelli D; Cromphaut IV; Bertin C; Ries G; Cauwenbergh G; Piérard GE · Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI) · 2016
    Randomized trial120 participantsSkin Health forVitamin A
  225. Antiaging action of retinol: from molecular to clinical.
    Bellemère G; Stamatas GN; Bruère V; Bertin C; Issachar N; Oddos T · Skin pharmacology and physiology · 2009
    Randomized trial48 participantsSkin Health forVitamin A
  226. An Updated Review of Topical Tretinoin in Dermatology: From Acne and Photoaging to Skin Cancer.
    Balado-Simó P; Morgado-Carrasco D; Gómez-Armayones S; López-Ferrer A; Barco D; Ferrándiz-Pulido C; Podlipnik S · Journal of clinical medicine · 2025
    Narrative reviewSkin Health forVitamin A
  227. Novel Cyclized Hexapeptide-9 Outperforms Retinol Against Skin Aging: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Active- and Vehicle-Controlled Clinical Trial.
    Chang H; Tao K; Yang Y; Wang Y; Ge M; Wang X; Tang S; Yu H · Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025
    Randomized trialSkin Health forVitamin A
  228. Evaluation of the anti-wrinkle effect of an ascorbic acid-loaded dissolving microneedle patch via a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study.
    Lee C; Yang H; Kim S; Kim M; Kang H; Kim N; An S; Koh J; Jung H · International journal of cosmetic science · 2017
    Randomized trial23 participantsSkin Health forVitamin C
  229. Comparative Study on the Outcome of Periorbital Wrinkles Treated with Laser-Assisted Delivery of Vitamin C or Vitamin C Plus Growth Factors: A Randomized, Double-blind, Clinical Trial.
    Machado BHB; Frame J; Zhang J; Najlah M · Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2021
    Randomized trial149 participantsSkin Health forVitamin C
  230. Randomized trial of topical ascorbic acid in DMSO versus imiquimod for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma.
    Burke B; Bailie JE · Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2022
    Randomized trial25 participantsSkin Health forVitamin C
  231. Vitamin C improves healing of foot ulcers: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
    Gunton JE; Girgis CM; Lau T; Vicaretti M; Begg L; Flood V · The British journal of nutrition · 2022
    Randomized trial16 participantsSkin Health forVitamin C
  232. Dietary nutrient intakes and skin-aging appearance among middle-aged American women.
    Cosgrove MC; Franco OH; Granger SP; Murray PG; Mayes AE · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2007
    Cross-sectional study4,025 participantsSkin Health forVitamin C
  233. Randomized controlled trial using vitamins E and D supplementation in atopic dermatitis.
    Javanbakht MH; Keshavarz SA; Djalali M; Siassi F; Eshraghian MR; Firooz A; Seirafi H; Ehsani AH; Chamari M; Mirshafiey A · The Journal of dermatological treatment · 2011
    Randomized trial45 participantsSkin Health forVitamin E
  234. Serum vitamin E levels and chronic inflammatory skin diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Liu X; Yang G; Luo M; Lan Q; Shi X; Deng H; Wang N; Xu X; Zhang C · PloS one · 2022
    Meta-analysis20 studies pooledSkin Health forVitamin E
  235. Effects of tocotrienol on aging skin: A systematic review.
    Ghazali NI; Mohd Rais RZ; Makpol S; Chin KY; Yap WN; Goon JA · Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022
    Systematic reviewSkin Health forVitamin E
  236. Carotenoids and carotenoids plus vitamin E protect against ultraviolet light-induced erythema in humans.
    Stahl W; Heinrich U; Jungmann H; Sies H; Tronnier H · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2000
    Randomized trialSkin Health forVitamin E
  237. Sex-related differences in response to zinc pyrithione shampoo vs. non-anti-dandruff shampoo.
    Collins LZ; Baines FL; Matheson JR; Turner GA; Diao Y; Li Y; Pi Y · International journal of cosmetic science · 2019
    Meta-analysis2,088 participants20 studies pooledSkin Health forZinc
  238. Maintenance of an Acidic Skin Surface with a Novel Zinc Lactobionate Emollient Preparation Improves Skin Barrier Function in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis.
    Andrew PV; Pinnock A; Poyner A; Brown K; Chittock J; Kay LJ; Cork MJ; Danby SG · Dermatology and therapy · 2024
    Cohort study23 participantsSkin Health forZinc
  239. Spatial expression of metallothionein, matrix metalloproteinase-1 and Ki-67 in human epidermal wounds treated with zinc and determined by quantitative immunohistochemistry: A randomised double-blind trial.
    Ågren MS; Chafranska L; Eriksen JO; Forman JL; Bjerrum MJ; Schjerling P; Larsen HF; Cottarelli E; Jorgensen LN; Gjerdrum LMR · European journal of cell biology · 2021
    Randomized trial30 participantsSkin Health forZinc
  240. A pilot trial using topical regular crystalline insulin vs. aqueous zinc solution for uncomplicated cutaneous wound healing: Impact on quality of life.
    Attia EA; Belal DM; El Samahy MH; El Hamamsy MH · Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society · 2014
    Randomized trial90 participantsSkin Health forZinc