Gluthathione

Description

Glutathione is a tripeptide composed of three amino acids: cysteine, glycine, and glutamic acid. It exists in two forms: reduced (GSH), which is active and capable of neutralizing free radicals, and oxidized (GSSG), which occurs after it has performed its antioxidant function. Maintaining a healthy balance of GSH to GSSG is vital for cellular health. This essential molecule is integral to numerous biological processes, including DNA synthesis and repair, protein synthesis, enzyme activation, and regulating cell growth and death. Its primary role in detoxification pathways makes it critical for neutralizing toxins, heavy metals, and carcinogens in the liver and other organs. Beyond its direct antioxidant activity, glutathione supports the immune system by influencing immune cell function and acts as a key component of the body's natural defense against oxidative stress and inflammation. Supplementation is often used to support overall health, liver function, and antioxidant status.

Sources

AsparagusAvocadosSpinachBroccoliBrussels sproutsGarlicOnions

Optimal Dosage

Minimum50 mg

Maximum200 mg

Safety & Toxicity

Toxicity Threshold1000 mg

Toxicity EffectLiver toxicity, kidney damage

Goals

Typical dose:500–1000 mg

As the body's master antioxidant, glutathione protects skin cells from oxidative damage caused by UV radiation and pollutants. It also plays a role in detoxification pathways and may influence melanin synthesis by inhibiting the tyrosinase enzyme, potentially leading to a brighter, more even skin tone. Oral bioavailability can be a concern, with S-acetyl or liposomal forms often preferred.

Typical dose:250–1000 mg

Standard oral glutathione is broken down by digestive enzymes into its constituent amino acids before it can be absorbed, preventing it from raising cellular glutathione levels effectively. For direct supplementation, specialized forms like S-Acetyl-Glutathione or Liposomal Glutathione are necessary for absorption. A more efficient and cost-effective strategy is to supplement with precursors like N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) and Glycine, which the body can use to synthesize its own glutathione.

Typical dose:250–500 mg

Glutathione is vital for detoxification and neutralizing free radicals. However, when taken orally, standard glutathione is largely broken down in the digestive system before it can be absorbed effectively. For raising systemic levels, liposomal forms offer modest improvement, but precursor supplements like N-acetylcysteine (NAC) are generally considered more reliable and cost-effective.

Interactions

Positive Interactions

A direct amino acid precursor necessary for the body's synthesis of glutathione.

A direct amino acid precursor necessary for the body's synthesis of glutathione.

A direct amino acid precursor necessary for the body's synthesis of glutathione.

Helps regenerate and recycle oxidized glutathione back to its active, reduced form.

A vital cofactor for glutathione peroxidase, a key enzyme in the glutathione antioxidant system.

Supports liver health and is known to enhance the body's production and levels of glutathione.

Works synergistically as an antioxidant, helping to protect cells from oxidative damage alongside glutathione.

Plays a role in the activity of several antioxidant enzymes that interact with glutathione pathways.

As a component of FAD, it is a necessary cofactor for glutathione reductase, which regenerates reduced glutathione.

As a component of NAD(P)H, it is essential for the activity of glutathione reductase, which reduces oxidized glutathione.

Product stats

Price per product

Average$28.17

Median$25.79

Price per serving

Average$0.56

Median$0.40

Price distribution

Price per serving distribution

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Paired ingredients

Include multi(14)