Product Image

Bone Renewal

4.7
★ ★ ★ ★ ★
(934 ratings)
Calcium 840 mg
Magnesium 420 mg
Vitamin K 120 mcg
Product Image
Score62
The strongest feature is substantial calcium amount; the main drawback is five capsules per serving.
How scoring works
Capsule
Quantity:150 Capsule(s) • (30 servings)
Goals:
Bone Health
General Health
Anti-Aging
Heart Health
Energy
Stress Relief

Score 62

The strongest feature is substantial calcium amount; the main drawback is five capsules per serving.
How scoring works
$46.00($1.53 per serving)
iHerb
$ 46.42
Vitacost
$ 51.07
Pure Formulas
$ 46.00
Amazon
$ 130.50
Report prices

Analysis

Substantial calcium, magnesium, vitamin D3, and vitamin K1 cover several central bone-nutrition pathways. The core ingredients address related nutritional pathways rather than relying on a single mineral.

Five capsules per serving, unquantified plant blends, repeated source entries, and a high serving cost make the formula difficult to assess and use. These issues matter for daily use, label interpretation, and comparison with simpler formulas.

It may fit adults who specifically prefer algae, sesame, rice, and mineral-concentrate sources and can tolerate a large serving. The most important trade-off is five capsules per serving.

Who is it for
  • adults who specifically prefer algae, sesame, rice, and mineral-concentrate sources and can tolerate a large serving
  • Adults comparing bone or general nutrient formulas by dose and form
Best for
  • Plant-sourced bone minerals
  • Calcium and magnesium with D3 and K1

Pros

  • Substantial calcium amount
  • Provides 420 mg of magnesium
  • Includes vitamin D3 and vitamin K1
  • Uses plant and mineral sources

Cons

  • Five capsules per serving
  • Two unquantified plant blends
  • Repeated entries obscure source contributions
  • Weak practical value

Warnings

  • Vitamin K1 can interfere with warfarin dosing and should remain consistent under prescriber guidance.
  • Magnesium at 420 mg may cause diarrhea or cramping in sensitive users.

Nutrient quality

73 High impact

Substantial calcium and magnesium support the intended bone use. Loosely characterized mineral sources and unquantified plant blends create important uncertainty.

.

Ingredient transparency

59 Moderate impact

Core active amounts are mostly clear and easy to evaluate. Missing non-active ingredients and complete use directions leave meaningful label gaps.

.

Customer satisfaction

67 High impact

Aggregate satisfaction data are favorable. Specific firsthand comments were not supplied, leaving repeated complaints and purpose fit uncertain.

.

Value for money

49 Lower impact

Formula weaknesses limit value for routine use. Better-balanced or more transparent alternatives are likely to be more practical.

.
Report analysis

Goals

Bone Health
Bone Health
Impact
Highest effect
A Goal FitA- Strength of SupportA- CoverageA- Formula Quality
Vitamin K · 120 mcgMagnesium · 420 mgCalcium · 840 mgVitamin D · 50 mcg

Calcium, magnesium, vitamin D3, and vitamin K1 form a comprehensive bone-mineral foundation. The amounts are substantial, and directions allow the calcium serving to be divided for absorption.

Plant mineral sources are named, but proprietary trace-mineral and extract contents remain unclear. Vitamin K1 can oppose warfarin, while the high magnesium amount may cause loose stools in sensitive users.

Study evidence
Calcium Supportive 144 studies
Magnesium Supportive 48 studies
Vitamin K Supportive 78 studies
General Health
General Health
Impact
High effect
A- Goal FitB- Strength of SupportB CoverageB- Formula Quality
Vitamin D · 50 mcgMagnesium · 420 mgVitamin K · 120 mcg

Vitamin D3, vitamin K1, calcium, and magnesium provide broad structural and mineral support. The magnesium amount is substantial, although its source materials are not validated named chelates.

The high supplemental magnesium amount may cause loose stools or stomach upset in sensitive users. Vitamin K can interfere with warfarin-type anticoagulants, while undisclosed plant blends make the full formula harder to assess.

Study evidence
Magnesium Supportive 114 studies
Vitamin D Supportive 115 studies
Vitamin K Supportive 34 studies
Anti-Aging
Anti-Aging
Impact
High effect
B- Goal FitB Strength of SupportC+ CoverageB- Formula Quality
Magnesium · 420 mgVitamin K · 120 mcgVitamin D · 50 mcg

Vitamin D, vitamin K1, calcium, and magnesium provide broad structural support for bones and mineral status. The formula is more focused on skeletal aging than mitochondrial or cellular longevity.

High calcium and magnesium amounts may cause digestive discomfort, while several source blends are not fully disclosed. The broad plant-mineral design has useful structural depth but limited pathway diversity for anti-aging.

Study evidence
Magnesium Supportive 12 studies
Vitamin D Supportive 50 studies
Vitamin K Supportive 27 studies
Heart Health
Heart Health
Impact
High effect
C+ Goal FitB- Strength of SupportB CoverageB Formula Quality
Vitamin K · 120 mcgMagnesium · 420 mgVitamin D · 50 mcg

Vitamin D, vitamin K, magnesium, and calcium form a logical bone formula with some vascular relevance. Magnesium may support vascular tone, while vitamin K supports calcium handling.

The product uses K1 rather than clearly disclosed K2 and includes a large supplemental mineral load, limiting heart-specific precision. High supplemental magnesium may cause loose stools, and vitamin K can counteract warfarin or other vitamin K antagonists.

Study evidence
Magnesium Supportive 158 studies
Vitamin D Mixed 164 studies
Vitamin K Mixed 62 studies
Energy
Energy
Impact
High effect
C+ Goal FitB+ Strength of SupportC- CoverageB Formula Quality
Vitamin D · 50 mcgMagnesium · 420 mg

The substantial magnesium amount can support ATP-dependent metabolism when magnesium intake is inadequate. Vitamin D3, calcium, and vitamin K make the formula more useful for bone renewal than for direct energy support.

The magnesium sources are named but lack a validated chelation standard, and two additional blends have no measurable amounts. The high supplemental magnesium amount may cause loose stools or stomach upset in sensitive users.

Study evidence
Magnesium Supportive 4 studies
Stress Relief
Stress Relief
Impact
High effect
B- Goal FitB- Strength of SupportC- CoverageB- Formula Quality
Vitamin D · 50 mcgMagnesium · 420 mg

Magnesium provides foundational nervous-system support, although this is primarily a bone formula rather than a targeted stress blend. Human evidence is most relevant when magnesium intake or status is inadequate.

The disclosed 420 mg amount is substantial, and the rice chelate and sea-mineral sources avoid magnesium oxide. Neither source has a validated chelation standard, while the high supplemental amount may cause loose stools or stomach upset in sensitive users.

Study evidence
Magnesium Supportive 13 studies
Vitamin D Supportive 41 studies

Ingredients

IngredientAmount per serving
Vitamin D3
50 mcg
Vitamin K1
120 mcg
Calcium (Japanese White Sesame, Red Algae)
 840 mg
Magnesium (Brown Rice Chelate, Dead Sea Mineral Concentrate)
 420 mg
Plant-Based Trace Minerals & Cofactors
0 NP
SuperPure Plant Extracts
0 NP
Gluten Free Adults 18–50 Dairy Free
Report overview
Calcium (Japanese White Sesame, Red Algae) · 840 mg OverallScore70
A+ Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityC Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyF Value

Red-algae calcium provides a premium source, supported by magnesium and vitamins D3 and K1. The full serving is larger than the amount typically absorbed most efficiently at one time, though the directions allow intake to be divided. The high serving cost is the main drawback, and the vitamin K1 content requires care for people using warfarin or similar vitamin K antagonist medicines.

View ingredientView products
Magnesium (Brown Rice Chelate, Dead Sea Mineral Concentrate) · 420 mg OverallScore65
D- Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityA+ Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyD- Value
+1

The blend supplies a full elemental magnesium dose from a rice chelate and sea-mineral concentrate, though neither source is a named, validated chelate. Vitamin D supports the bone-focused formula, and the calcium-to-magnesium balance avoids an excessive calcium ratio. The high supplemental magnesium amount may cause loose stools or stomach upset in sensitive users, while the premium serving cost is not backed by a patented material.

View ingredientView products
Vitamin K · 120 mcg OverallScore23
F Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityD- Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyF Value

The bone formula relies on 120 mcg of Vitamin K1 rather than K2. Dry capsules and absence of MK-7 limit both bioavailability alignment and collection fit. Its high serving cost is not justified for Vitamin K alone.

View ingredientView products
Loading alternative details
79 Performance

Cal-Mag Citrate with Vitamin D-3 & K-2 2:1 Ratio

Solaray
<p>Substantial calcium and magnesium combine with vitamin D3 and MK-7 in a complete bone-support formula. The disclosed forms or format address part of the original’s poorly characterized plant mineral forms, K1 instead of K2, and two blends without usable amounts. Magnesium oxide and the large six-capsule serving reduce absorption quality and convenience.</p>
78 Performance

Cal/Mag/Vit D3 with Vitamin K2

NaturesPlus
<p>Amino acid chelates provide a favorable calcium-magnesium base with vitamin D3 and vitamin K2 in a long supply. The disclosed forms or format address part of the original’s poorly characterized plant mineral forms, K1 instead of K2, and two blends without usable amounts. The mineral amounts are very high, and the short-acting menatetrenone form is supplied at a modest amount.</p>
76 Performance

Cal/Mag/Vit D3 with Vitamin K2

NaturesPlus
<p>Amino acid chelates provide a favorable calcium-magnesium base with vitamin D3 and vitamin K2. The disclosed forms or format address part of the original’s poorly characterized plant mineral forms, K1 instead of K2, and two blends without usable amounts. The mineral amounts are very high, and the short-acting menatetrenone form is supplied at a modest amount.</p>
85 Budget

Cal/Mag 500 mg/250 mg

NaturesPlus
<p>Chelated calcium and magnesium provide balanced amounts in a simple mineral formula. Its much lower serving cost makes it a more economical alternative for core calcium and magnesium support. Vitamin D and vitamin K are absent, so it is not a complete one-product replacement for the original formulas.</p>
80 Budget

Calcium Mag & D Complex

Nature's Way
<p>Citrate, malate, and aspartate improve a useful calcium-magnesium formula with vitamin D3. Its much lower serving cost makes it a more economical alternative for core calcium and magnesium support. Carbonate and oxide remain in the blend, vitamin D is modest, and vitamin K is absent.</p>
78 Budget

Coral Calcium Plus

NOW
<p>Calcium and magnesium are paired with vitamin D in a coherent and inexpensive bone-support formula. Its much lower serving cost makes it a more economical alternative for core calcium and magnesium support. Coral calcium, magnesium oxide, repeated form quantities, vitamin D2, and missing vitamin K limit refinement.</p>
86 Value

Calcium & Magnesium Citrate Powder with Vitamin D3

NOW
<p>Balanced calcium citrate and magnesium citrate combine with vitamin D3 in a clearly labeled powder. Lower serving cost and clearer mineral forms create a favorable quality-to-value balance versus the original. Vitamin K is absent, while full use directions and inactive ingredients are not supplied.</p>
83 Value

Liquid Calcium Magnesium Citrate & Vitamin D3 Strawberry Flavor

Bluebonnet
<p>Calcium citrate plus magnesium citrate and aspartate provide a well-formed liquid mineral blend with vitamin D3. Lower serving cost and clearer mineral forms create a favorable quality-to-value balance versus the original. Vitamin K is absent, and the magnesium amount may loosen stools in sensitive users.</p>
82 Value

Calcium & Magnesium Mineral Complex

Nature's Way
<p>Magnesium bisglycinate and citrate plus calcium citrate and malate strengthen the mineral profile. Lower serving cost and clearer mineral forms create a favorable quality-to-value balance versus the original. Oxide and carbonate remain in the mix, while vitamin D and vitamin K are absent.</p>
Report alternatives

Sources

Published studies used for the product analysis and the top-ranked studies for each ingredient and goal.

  1. Three-year low-dose menaquinone-7 supplementation helps decrease bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women.
    Knapen MH; Drummen NE; Smit E; Vermeer C; Theuwissen E · Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2014
    Randomized trial244 participantsBone Health forVitamin K
  2. Vitamin K and the prevention of fractures: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Cockayne S; Adamson J; Lanham-New S; Shearer MJ; Gilbody S; Torgerson DJ · Archives of internal medicine · 2006
    Meta-analysis13 studies pooledBone Health forVitamin K
  3. Investigating the interrelationship of vitamin K and vitamin D status on bone density: results from the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL.
    Chou SH; Booth SL; Cook NR; Kim E; Kotler G; Fu X; Buring JE; Manson JE; LeBoff MS · JBMR plus · 2026
    Randomized trial771 participantsBone Health forVitamin K
  4. Does vitamin K2 play a role in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis for postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Huang ZB; Wan SL; Lu YJ; Ning L; Liu C; Fan SW · Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2015
    Meta-analysis6,759 participants19 studies pooledBone Health forVitamin K
  5. Associations of dietary calcium intake with metabolic syndrome and bone mineral density among the Korean population: KNHANES 2008-2011.
    Kim MK; Chon SJ; Noe EB; Roh YH; Yun BH; Cho S; Choi YS; Lee BS; Seo SK · Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2018
    Cross-sectional study14,705 participantsBone Health forCalcium
  6. Calcium and osteoporosis.
    Nordin BE · Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) · 1998
    Meta-analysis20 studies pooledBone Health forCalcium
  7. Calcium supplementation and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women using estrogen replacement therapy.
    Haines CJ; Chung TK; Leung PC; Hsu SY; Leung DH · Bone · 1995
    Randomized trialBone Health forCalcium
  8. Calcium supplementation during pregnancy and maternal and offspring bone health: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Tihtonen K; Korhonen P; Isojärvi J; Ojala R; Ashorn U; Ashorn P; Tammela O · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2022
    Meta-analysis1,566 participants7 studies pooledBone Health forCalcium
  9. Treatment with alendronate plus calcium, alendronate alone, or calcium alone for postmenopausal low bone mineral density.
    Bonnick S; Broy S; Kaiser F; Teutsch C; Rosenberg E; DeLucca P; Melton M · Current medical research and opinion · 2007
    Randomized trial701 participantsBone Health forCalcium
  10. An update on magnesium and bone health.
    Rondanelli M; Faliva MA; Tartara A; Gasparri C; Perna S; Infantino V; Riva A; Petrangolini G; Peroni G · Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2022
    Narrative reviewBone Health forMagnesium
  11. Magnesium intake from food and supplements is associated with bone mineral density in healthy older white subjects.
    Ryder KM; Shorr RI; Bush AJ; Kritchevsky SB; Harris T; Stone K; Cauley J; Tylavsky FA · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2006
    Cross-sectional study2,038 participantsBone Health forMagnesium
  12. Association between magnesium deficiency scores and hip bone health in adults: a population-based study.
    Li S; Chang W; Wu G; Wang K; Sun X; Sun H; Zhou J · Magnesium research · 2025
    Cross-sectional study13,259 participantsBone Health forMagnesium
  13. Magnesium intake, bone mineral density, and fractures: results from the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study.
    Orchard TS; Larson JC; Alghothani N; Bout-Tabaku S; Cauley JA; Chen Z; LaCroix AZ; Wactawski-Wende J; Jackson RD · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2014
    Cohort study73,684 participantsBone Health forMagnesium
  14. Dietary Magnesium May Be Protective for Aging of Bone and Skeletal Muscle in Middle and Younger Older Age Men and Women: Cross-Sectional Findings from the UK Biobank Cohort.
    Welch AA; Skinner J; Hickson M · Nutrients · 2018
    Cross-sectional study156,575 participantsAnti-Aging forMagnesium
  15. Higher Magnesium Intake Is Associated with a Lower Risk of Frailty in Older Adults.
    Dominguez LJ; Mérida DM; Donat-Vargas C; Banegas JR; Veronese N; Barbagallo M; Rodríguez-Artalejo F; Guallar-Castillón P · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · 2024
    Cohort study1,900 participantsAnti-Aging forMagnesium
  16. Ca:Mg Ratio, APOE Cytosine Modifications, and Cognitive Function: Results from a Randomized Trial.
    Zhu X; Borenstein AR; Zheng Y; Zhang W; Seidner DL; Ness R; Murff HJ; Li B; Shrubsole MJ; Yu C; Hou L; Dai Q · Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2021
    Randomized trial250 participantsAnti-Aging forMagnesium
  17. The Association between Dietary Nutrient Intake and Acceleration of Aging: Evidence from NHANES.
    Ma J; Li P; Jiang Y; Yang X; Luo Y; Tao L; Guo X; Gao B · Nutrients · 2024
    Cross-sectional study4,692 participantsAnti-Aging forMagnesium
  18. Interpretable machine learning with SHAP analysis identifies redox-modulating dietary antioxidants for predicting accelerated biological aging.
    Zhang B; Zhang X; Ma L; Li D; Li Y; Lin S; Peng L; He L · Experimental gerontology · 2026
    Cross-sectional study8,125 participantsAnti-Aging forMagnesium
  19. Joint association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and body mass index on the acceleration of clinical biomarker-based biological aging.
    Pan Z; Zeng J; Chen Z; Chen S; Yang J; Li H; Wang S; Wang J; Li N; Gong Y; Liu M; Li C · The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026
    Cohort study389,217 participantsAnti-Aging forVitamin D
  20. Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels as an Aging Marker: Strong Associations With Age and All-Cause Mortality Independent From Telomere Length, Epigenetic Age Acceleration, and 8-Isoprostane Levels.
    Schöttker B; Hagen L; Zhang Y; Gào X; Holleczek B; Gao X; Brenner H · The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2019
    Cohort study9,940 participantsAnti-Aging forVitamin D
  21. Sex-specific associations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations with incident sarcopenia in older adults: A 2-year follow-up study.
    Song S; Lim JY; Kim M; Won CW; Park HY · The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2025
    Cohort study1,292 participantsAnti-Aging forVitamin D
  22. Vitamin D deficit is associated with accelerated brain aging in the general population.
    Terock J; Bonk S; Frenzel S; Wittfeld K; Garvert L; Hosten N; Nauck M; Völzke H; Van der Auwera S; Grabe HJ · Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging · 2022
    Cross-sectional study1,865 participantsAnti-Aging forVitamin D
  23. Vitamin D intake is associated with dementia risk in the Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP).
    Zhao C; Tsapanou A; Manly J; Schupf N; Brickman AM; Gu Y · Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2021
    Cohort study1,759 participantsAnti-Aging forVitamin D
  24. Vitamin K status, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality: a participant-level meta-analysis of 3 US cohorts.
    Shea MK; Barger K; Booth SL; Matuszek G; Cushman M; Benjamin EJ; Kritchevsky SB; Weiner DE · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2020
    Meta-analysis3,891 participants3 studies pooledAnti-Aging General Health forVitamin K
  25. Topical Menaquinone‑7 (Vitamin K2, MK-7) as a Mitochondrial Bioenergetic Activator for Skin Anti-Aging: Mechanistic Evidence in Skin Cells and a Randomized Split-Face/Neck Study.
    Huang H; Wei R; Xu C; Liu C; Zhao S; Li Y; Wang M · ACS omega · 2026
    Randomized trial30 participantsAnti-Aging forVitamin K
  26. Vitamin K status and cognitive function in healthy older adults.
    Presse N; Belleville S; Gaudreau P; Greenwood CE; Kergoat MJ; Morais JA; Payette H; Shatenstein B; Ferland G · Neurobiology of aging · 2014
    Cross-sectional study320 participantsAnti-Aging forVitamin K
  27. High dephospho-uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein concentrations, a plasma biomarker of vitamin K, in relation to frailty: the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam.
    Machado-Fragua MD; Hoogendijk EO; Struijk EA; Rodriguez-Artalejo F; Lopez-Garcia E; Beulens JW; van Ballegooijen AJ · European journal of nutrition · 2021
    Cohort study644 participantsAnti-Aging forVitamin K
  28. Vitamin K Concentration and Cognitive Status in Elderly Patients on Anticoagulant Therapy: A Pilot Study.
    Alisi L; Cafolla C; Gentili A; Tartaglione S; Curini R; Cafolla A · Journal of aging research · 2022
    Cross-sectional study85 participantsAnti-Aging forVitamin K
  29. What is the impact of daily oral supplementation of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) plus calcium on the incidence of hip fracture in older people? A systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Manoj P; Derwin R; George S · International journal of older people nursing · 2023
    Meta-analysis12,620 participants7 studies pooledBone Health forCalcium
  30. Calcium supplementation prevents seasonal bone loss and changes in biochemical markers of bone turnover in elderly New England women: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.
    Storm D; Eslin R; Porter ES; Musgrave K; Vereault D; Patton C; Kessenich C; Mohan S; Chen T; Holick MF; Rosen CJ · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 1998
    Randomized trial60 participantsBone Health forCalcium
  31. The effects of calcium supplementation (milk powder or tablets) and exercise on bone density in postmenopausal women.
    Prince R; Devine A; Dick I; Criddle A; Kerr D; Kent N; Price R; Randell A · Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 1995
    Randomized trial168 participantsBone Health forCalcium
  32. The efficacy of calcium supplementation alone in elderly Thai women over a 2-year period: a randomized controlled trial.
    Rajatanavin R; Chailurkit L; Saetung S; Thakkinstian A; Nimitphong H · Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2014
    Randomized trial404 participantsBone Health forCalcium
  33. Calcium-enriched foods and bone mass growth in prepubertal girls: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
    Bonjour JP; Carrie AL; Ferrari S; Clavien H; Slosman D; Theintz G; Rizzoli R · The Journal of clinical investigation · 1997
    Randomized trial149 participantsBone Health forCalcium
  34. Association between Serum Magnesium and Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.
    Dominguez LJ; Veronese N; Ciriminna S; Pérez-Albela JL; Vásquez-López VF; Rodas-Regalado S; Di Bella G; Parisi A; Tagliaferri F; Barbagallo M · Nutrients · 2023
    Meta-analysis119,755 participants4 studies pooledBone Health forMagnesium
  35. Bioabsorbable Magnesium-Based Materials Potential and Safety in Bone Surgery: A Systematic Review.
    Hung CH; Kwok YC; Yip J; Wong HH; Leung YY · Craniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction · 2025
    Systematic review386 participants8 studies pooledBone Health forMagnesium
  36. Vascularized bone grafting fixed by biodegradable magnesium screw for treating osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
    Zhao D; Huang S; Lu F; Wang B; Yang L; Qin L; Yang K; Li Y; Li W; Wang W; Tian S; Zhang X; Gao W; Wang Z; Zhang Y; Xie X; Wang J; Li J · Biomaterials · 2016
    Randomized trial48 participantsBone Health forMagnesium
  37. Sex-specific differences in the association of magnesium intake with femoral neck bone mineral density among older adults.
    Wang B; Tan X; Yao X; Zhu Z · Endocrine connections · 2025
    Cross-sectional study1,343 participantsBone Health forMagnesium
  38. Effect of combined administration of vitamin D3 and vitamin K2 on bone mineral density of the lumbar spine in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
    Iwamoto J; Takeda T; Ichimura S · Journal of orthopaedic science : official journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association · 2001
    Randomized trial92 participantsBone Health forVitamin K
  39. Efficacy and safety of vitamin K2 for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis at a long-term follow-up: meta-analysis and systematic review.
    Zhou M; Han S; Zhang W; Wu D · Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2022
    Meta-analysis6,853 participants9 studies pooledBone Health forVitamin K
  40. Low-dose vitamin K2 (MK-4) supplementation for 12 months improves bone metabolism and prevents forearm bone loss in postmenopausal Japanese women.
    Koitaya N; Sekiguchi M; Tousen Y; Nishide Y; Morita A; Yamauchi J; Gando Y; Miyachi M; Aoki M; Komatsu M; Watanabe F; Morishita K; Ishimi Y · Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2015
    Randomized trial48 participantsBone Health forVitamin K
  41. Circulating and dietary magnesium and risk of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.
    Del Gobbo LC; Imamura F; Wu JH; de Oliveira Otto MC; Chiuve SE; Mozaffarian D · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2013
    Meta-analysis313,041 participants16 studies pooledCardiovascular Support forMagnesium
  42. Magnesium and the risk of cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.
    Qu X; Jin F; Hao Y; Li H; Tang T; Wang H; Yan W; Dai K · PloS one · 2013
    Meta-analysis532,979 participants19 studies pooledCardiovascular Support forMagnesium
  43. Quantitative Association Between Serum/Dietary Magnesium and Cardiovascular Disease/Coronary Heart Disease Risk: A Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.
    Zhao L; Hu M; Yang L; Xu H; Song W; Qian Y; Zhao M · Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology · 2020
    Meta-analysis544,581 participants18 studies pooledCardiovascular Support Heart Health forMagnesium
  44. Comparative Efficacy of Nutraceuticals on Endothelial Function: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.
    Norouzzadeh M; Rashedi MH; Mahdavi-Mazdeh G; Kosari A; Shahinfar H · Current atherosclerosis reports · 2026
    Meta-analysisCardiovascular Support Heart Health forMagnesium Cardiovascular Support Heart Health forVitamin D
  45. Serum magnesium, mortality, and cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Xiong J; He T; Wang M; Nie L; Zhang Y; Wang Y; Huang Y; Feng B; Zhang J; Zhao J · Journal of nephrology · 2020
    Meta-analysis200,934 participants20 studies pooledCardiovascular Support forMagnesium
  46. A Randomized Trial of Vitamin D Supplementation on Vascular Function in CKD.
    Kumar V; Yadav AK; Lal A; Kumar V; Singhal M; Billot L; Gupta KL; Banerjee D; Jha V · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2017
    Randomized trial120 participantsCardiovascular Support forVitamin D
  47. Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial on the contributions of vitamin D in the control of cardiovascular risk factors, depressive symptoms and suicide risk.
    Porto C; Petribu K; Barbosa N; Magalhães R; Lira C; Porto AB; Markman-Filho B; Lordsleem A; Calado E; Magalhães J; Sougey E; Silva T; Junio A; Bandeira F; Leão R · American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2025
    Randomized trial224 participantsCardiovascular Support forVitamin D
  48. Dose responses of vitamin D3 supplementation on arterial stiffness in overweight African Americans with vitamin D deficiency: A placebo controlled randomized trial.
    Raed A; Bhagatwala J; Zhu H; Pollock NK; Parikh SJ; Huang Y; Havens R; Kotak I; Guo DH; Dong Y · PloS one · 2017
    Randomized trial70 participantsCardiovascular Support forVitamin D
  49. Paricalcitol and endothelial function in chronic kidney disease trial.
    Zoccali C; Curatola G; Panuccio V; Tripepi R; Pizzini P; Versace M; Bolignano D; Cutrupi S; Politi R; Tripepi G; Ghiadoni L; Thadhani R; Mallamaci F · Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2015
    Randomized trial88 participantsCardiovascular Support Heart Health forVitamin D
  50. Vitamin K Intake and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in the Danish Diet Cancer and Health Study.
    Bellinge JW; Dalgaard F; Murray K; Connolly E; Blekkenhorst LC; Bondonno CP; Lewis JR; Sim M; Croft KD; Gislason G; Torp-Pedersen C; Tjønneland A; Overvad K; Hodgson JM; Schultz C; Bondonno NP · Journal of the American Heart Association · 2021
    Cohort study53,372 participantsCardiovascular Support Heart Health forVitamin K
  51. Menaquinone-7 supplementation improves arterial stiffness in healthy postmenopausal women. A double-blind randomised clinical trial.
    Knapen MH; Braam LA; Drummen NE; Bekers O; Hoeks AP; Vermeer C · Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2016
    Randomized trial244 participantsCardiovascular Support Heart Health forVitamin K
  52. Effects of One-Year Menaquinone-7 Supplementation on Vascular Stiffness and Blood Pressure in Post-Menopausal Women.
    de Vries F; Bittner R; Maresz K; Machuron F; Gåserød O; Jeanne JF; Schurgers LJ · Nutrients · 2025
    Randomized trial165 participantsCardiovascular Support forVitamin K
  53. Dietary Vitamin K1 Intake and Incident Aortic Valve Stenosis.
    Schultz CJ; Dalgaard F; Bellinge JW; Murray K; Sim M; Connolly E; Blekkenhorst LC; Bondonno CP; Lewis JR; Gislason GH; Tjønneland A; Overvad K; Hodgson JM; Bondonno NP · Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2024
    Cohort study55,545 participantsCardiovascular Support Heart Health forVitamin K
  54. Association between vitamin K1 intake and mortality in the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health cohort.
    Palmer CR; Bellinge JW; Dalgaard F; Sim M; Murray K; Connolly E; Blekkenhorst LC; Bondonno CP; Croft KD; Gislason G; Tjønneland A; Overvad K; Schultz C; Lewis JR; Hodgson JM; Bondonno NP · European journal of epidemiology · 2021
    Cohort study56,048 participantsCardiovascular Support Heart Health forVitamin K
  55. Efficacy of oral magnesium therapy in the treatment of chronic constipation in spastic cerebral palsy children: a randomized controlled trial.
    Hassanein SMA; Deifallah SM; Bastawy HA · World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2021
    Randomized trial100 participantsDigestive Health forMagnesium
  56. Ca:Mg ratio, medium-chain fatty acids, and the gut microbiome.
    Fan L; Zhu X; Sun S; Yu C; Huang X; Ness R; Dugan LL; Shu L; Seidner DL; Murff HJ; Fodor AA; Azcarate-Peril MA; Shrubsole MJ; Dai Q · Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2022
    Randomized trial240 participantsDigestive Health forMagnesium
  57. The Magnesium-Rich Formula for Functional Constipation in Infants: a Randomized Comparator-Controlled Study.
    Benninga MA; MENA Infant Constipation Study Group; Vandenplas Y · Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition · 2022
    Randomized trial286 participantsDigestive Health forMagnesium
  58. A Randomized Double-blind Placebo-controlled Trial on the Effect of Magnesium Oxide in Patients With Chronic Constipation.
    Mori S; Tomita T; Fujimura K; Asano H; Ogawa T; Yamasaki T; Kondo T; Kono T; Tozawa K; Oshima T; Fukui H; Kimura T; Watari J; Miwa H · Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility · 2022
    Randomized trial34 participantsDigestive Health forMagnesium
  59. Magnesium treatment increases gut microbiome synthesizing vitamin D and inhibiting colorectal cancer: results from a double-blind precision-based randomized placebo-controlled trial.
    Sun E; Zhu X; Ness RM; Murff HJ; Sun S; Yu C; Fan L; Azcarate-Peril MA; Shrubsole MJ; Dai Q · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025
    Randomized trial240 participantsDigestive Health forMagnesium
  60. Magnesium-L-threonate improves sleep quality and daytime functioning in adults with self-reported sleep problems: A randomized controlled trial.
    Hausenblas HA; Lynch T; Hooper S; Shrestha A; Rosendale D; Gu J · Sleep medicine: X · 2025
    Randomized trial80 participantsEnergy forMagnesium
  61. Total magnesium intake and risk of frailty in older women.
    Struijk EA; Fung TT; Bischoff-Ferrari HA; Willett WC; Lopez-Garcia E · Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2024
    Cohort study81,524 participantsEnergy forMagnesium
  62. Red blood cell magnesium and chronic fatigue syndrome.
    Cox IM; Campbell MJ; Dowson D · Lancet (London, England) · 1991
    Randomized trial32 participantsEnergy forMagnesium
  63. Exercise, magnesium and immune function.
    Laires MJ; Monteiro C · Magnesium research · 2008
    Narrative reviewEnergy forMagnesium
  64. Perioperative systemic magnesium to minimize postoperative pain: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    De Oliveira GS; Castro-Alves LJ; Khan JH; McCarthy RJ · Anesthesiology · 2013
    Meta-analysis1,257 participants20 studies pooledGeneral Health forMagnesium
  65. Long-term outcome after intravenous magnesium sulphate in suspected acute myocardial infarction: the second Leicester Intravenous Magnesium Intervention Trial (LIMIT-2).
    Woods KL; Fletcher S · Lancet (London, England) · 1994
    Randomized trial2,316 participantsGeneral Health forMagnesium
  66. Association of magnesium sulfate use with mortality in critically ill patients with sepsis: a retrospective propensity score-matched cohort study.
    Gu WJ; Duan XJ; Liu XZ; Cen Y; Tao LY; Lyu J; Yin HY · British journal of anaesthesia · 2023
    Cohort study10,999 participantsGeneral Health forMagnesium
  67. Hypomagnesemia and Mortality in Incident Hemodialysis Patients.
    Li L; Streja E; Rhee CM; Mehrotra R; Soohoo M; Brunelli SM; Kovesdy CP; Kalantar-Zadeh K · American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2016
    Cohort study9,359 participantsGeneral Health forMagnesium
  68. The effects of magnesium supplementation on abnormal uterine bleeding, alopecia, quality of life, and acne in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized clinical trial.
    Jaripur M; Ghasemi-Tehrani H; Askari G; Gholizadeh-Moghaddam M; Clark CCT; Rouhani MH · Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2022
    Randomized trial64 participantsGeneral Health forMagnesium
  69. Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults.
    Bjelakovic G; Gluud LL; Nikolova D; Whitfield K; Wetterslev J; Simonetti RG; Bjelakovic M; Gluud C · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2014
    Meta-analysis95,286 participants159 studies pooledGeneral Health forVitamin D
  70. Effect of vitamin D on gastrointestinal symptoms and health-related quality of life in irritable bowel syndrome patients: a randomized double-blind clinical trial.
    Abbasnezhad A; Amani R; Hajiani E; Alavinejad P; Cheraghian B; Ghadiri A · Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2018
    Randomized trial90 participantsGeneral Health forVitamin D
  71. The impact of vitamin D administration on mortality in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Kow CS; Ramachandram DS; Hasan SS; Wong Z; Thiruchelvam K · Inflammopharmacology · 2024
    Meta-analysis2,495 participants19 studies pooledGeneral Health forVitamin D
  72. Vitamin D Status and Mortality: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies.
    Heath AK; Kim IY; Hodge AM; English DR; Muller DC · International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019
    Systematic review84 studies pooledGeneral Health forVitamin D
  73. Meta-analysis of long-term vitamin D supplementation on overall mortality.
    Zheng Y; Zhu J; Zhou M; Cui L; Yao W; Liu Y · PloS one · 2014
    Meta-analysis42 studies pooledGeneral Health forVitamin D
  74. Dietary vitamin K intake associates with reduced all-cause mortality in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients.
    Huang Y; Zhu X; Han L; Hu H · Scientific reports · 2025
    Cohort study7,857 participantsGeneral Health forVitamin K
  75. The Effect of Topical Vitamin K1 on the Treatment of Cetuximab-Induced Skin Rashes in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients.
    Roayaei M; Rezaei M; Najafizade N · Advanced biomedical research · 2024
    Randomized trial49 participantsGeneral Health forVitamin K
  76. Effect of vitamin K on improving post‑kidney transplant outcomes: a meta‑analysis.
    Sun Z; Zhu K; Liang G; Yan F; Chao S; Jia L; Niu Y · Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2023
    Meta-analysis7 studies pooledGeneral Health forVitamin K
  77. Vitamin K1 intake is associated with lower risk for all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in community-dwelling older Australian women.
    Dupuy M; Radavelli-Bagatini S; Zhong L; Dalla Via J; Zhu K; Blekkenhorst LC; Bondonno NP; Linneberg A; Bellinge JW; Schultz C; Courtney W; Prince RL; Hodgson JM; Lewis JR; Sim M · Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD · 2024
    Cohort study1,436 participantsGeneral Health forVitamin K
  78. Effects of magnesium supplementation on improving hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension in type 2 diabetes: A pooled analysis of 24 randomized controlled trials.
    Xu L; Li X; Wang X; Xu M · Frontiers in nutrition · 2023
    Meta-analysis1,325 participants24 studies pooledHeart Health forMagnesium
  79. The effect of lowering blood pressure by magnesium supplementation in diabetic hypertensive adults with low serum magnesium levels: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
    Guerrero-Romero F; Rodríguez-Morán M · Journal of human hypertension · 2009
    Randomized trial82 participantsHeart Health forMagnesium
  80. Positive effects of magnesium supplementation in metabolic syndrome.
    Kisters S; Kisters K; Werner T; Vormann J; Tokmak F; Westhoff T; Gröber U; Predel HG; Reuter H · International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2024
    Randomized trial54 participantsHeart Health forMagnesium
  81. Vitamin D supplementation for cardiometabolic risk markers in pregnant women based on the gestational diabetes mellitus or obesity status : a randomized clinical trial.
    Yin WJ; Wang P; Ma SS; Tao RX; Hu HL; Jiang XM; Zhang Y; Tao FB; Zhu P · European journal of nutrition · 2024
    Randomized trial1,537 participantsHeart Health forVitamin D
  82. Vitamin D Supplementation, Serum 25(OH)D Concentrations and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
    Mirhosseini N; Rainsbury J; Kimball SM · Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2020
    Meta-analysis81 studies pooledHeart Health forVitamin D
  83. Does vitamin D supplementation modulate metabolic risk factors of cardiovascular disease? A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.
    Abumweis S; Alqadi S; Al Tarteer A; Alrefai W; Alzoughool F; Jew S; Qudah T · Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition · 2026
    Meta-analysis45 studies pooledHeart Health forVitamin D
  84. The effect of vitamin K1 on arterial calcification activity in subjects with diabetes mellitus: a post hoc analysis of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
    Bellinge JW; Francis RJ; Lee SC; Bondonno NP; Sim M; Lewis JR; Watts GF; Schultz CJ · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022
    Randomized trial149 participantsHeart Health forVitamin K
  85. Role of magnesium supplementation in the treatment of depression: A randomized clinical trial.
    Tarleton EK; Littenberg B; MacLean CD; Kennedy AG; Daley C · PloS one · 2017
    Randomized trial126 participantsStress Relief forMagnesium
  86. Effects of Intravenous Esketamine or Magnesium Sulfate on Early Postoperative Negative Emotions and Pain in Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
    Wang L; Zhou J; Liu Q; Qian K; Wang L; Xie C · Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2026
    Randomized trial137 participantsStress Relief forMagnesium
  87. Effect of short-term magnesium supplementation on anxiety, depression and sleep quality in patients after open-heart surgery.
    Saba S; Faizi F; Sepandi M; Nehrir B · Magnesium research · 2022
    Non-randomized trial60 participantsStress Relief forMagnesium
  88. Effects of dry needling compared to magnesium infiltration in trigger points for patients with myofascial pain syndrome: a randomized controlled study in Tunisia.
    Dhouibi J; Moncer R; Kalbousi N; Gaddour M; Laayouni S; Ouanes W; Kacem B; Jemni S · Korean journal of family medicine · 2026
    Randomized trial45 participantsStress Relief forMagnesium
  89. Effect of magnesium and vitamin B6 supplementation on mental health and quality of life in stressed healthy adults: Post-hoc analysis of a randomised controlled trial.
    Noah L; Dye L; Bois De Fer B; Mazur A; Pickering G; Pouteau E · Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2021
    Randomized trialStress Relief forMagnesium
  90. Vitamin D Alleviates Anxiety and Depression in Elderly People with Prediabetes: A Randomized Controlled Study.
    Zaromytidou E; Koufakis T; Dimakopoulos G; Drivakou D; Konstantinidou S; Rakitzi P; Grammatiki M; Manthou E; Notopoulos A; Iakovou I; Gotzamani-Psarrakou A; Kotsa K · Metabolites · 2023
    Randomized trial90 participantsStress Relief forVitamin D
  91. Effects of an 8-week high-dose vitamin D supplementation on fatigue and neuropsychiatric manifestations in post-COVID syndrome: A randomized controlled trial.
    Charoenporn V; Tungsukruthai P; Teacharushatakit P; Hanvivattanakul S; Sriyakul K; Sukprasert S; Kamalashiran C; Tungsukruthai S; Charernboon T · Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2024
    Randomized trial80 participantsStress Relief forVitamin D
  92. The Influence of Vitamin D Intake and Status on Mental Health in Children: A Systematic Review.
    Głąbska D; Kołota A; Lachowicz K; Skolmowska D; Stachoń M; Guzek D · Nutrients · 2021
    Systematic review24 studies pooledStress Relief forVitamin D
  93. Vitamin D3 enhances mood in healthy subjects during winter.
    Lansdowne AT; Provost SC · Psychopharmacology · 1998
    Randomized trial44 participantsStress Relief forVitamin D
  94. Comparative Effects of Etelcalcetide and Maxacalcitol on Serum Calcification Propensity in Secondary Hyperparathyroidism: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
    Shoji T; Nakatani S; Kabata D; Mori K; Shintani A; Yoshida H; Takahashi K; Ota K; Fujii H; Ueda S; Nishi S; Nakatani T; Yoshiyama M; Goto K; Hamada T; Imanishi M; Ishimura E; Kagitani S; Kato Y; Kumeda Y; Maekawa K; Matsumura T; Nagayama H; Obi Y; Ohno Y; Sai Y; Sakurai M; Sasaki S; Shidara K; Shoji S; Tsujimoto Y; Yamakawa K; Yasuda H; Yodoi S; Inaba M; Emoto M · Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2021
    Randomized trial326 participantsStress Relief forVitamin D
  95. Magnesium and anabolic hormones in older men.
    Maggio M; Ceda GP; Lauretani F; Cattabiani C; Avantaggiato E; Morganti S; Ablondi F; Bandinelli S; Dominguez LJ; Barbagallo M; Paolisso G; Semba RD; Ferrucci L · International journal of andrology · 2012
    Cohort study399 participantsTestosterone Support forMagnesium
  96. Analysis of the relationship between the blood concentration of several metals, macro- and micronutrients and endocrine disorders associated with male aging.
    Rotter I; Kosik-Bogacka DI; Dołęgowska B; Safranow K; Kuczyńska M; Laszczyńska M · Environmental geochemistry and health · 2017
    Cross-sectional study313 participantsTestosterone Support forMagnesium
  97. Effect of magnesium supplementation in improving hyperandrogenism, hirsutism, and sleep quality in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
    Gholizadeh-Moghaddam M; Ghasemi-Tehrani H; Askari G; Jaripur M; Clark CCT; Rouhani MH · Health science reports · 2024
    Randomized trial64 participantsTestosterone Support forMagnesium
  98. The effects of trace element supplementation on glycolipid metabolism in PCOS: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Yang L; Gao Y; Zhao W; Qi Y; Duo X; Wang H · Frontiers in nutrition · 2025
    Meta-analysis1,600 participants25 studies pooledTestosterone Support forMagnesium
  99. Effects of magnesium supplementation on testosterone levels of athletes and sedentary subjects at rest and after exhaustion.
    Cinar V; Polat Y; Baltaci AK; Mogulkoc R · Biological trace element research · 2011
    Non-randomized trial20 participantsTestosterone Support forMagnesium
  100. Effect of Two Different Doses of Vitamin D Supplementation on Metabolic Profiles of Insulin-Resistant Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
    Jamilian M; Foroozanfard F; Rahmani E; Talebi M; Bahmani F; Asemi Z · Nutrients · 2018
    Randomized trial90 participantsTestosterone Support forVitamin D
  101. Androgens and hirsutism score of overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome improved after vitamin D treatment: A randomized placebo controlled clinical trial.
    Al-Bayyari N; Al-Domi H; Zayed F; Hailat R; Eaton A · Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2021
    Randomized trial60 participantsTestosterone Support forVitamin D
  102. Association between plasma 25-OH vitamin D and testosterone levels in men.
    Nimptsch K; Platz EA; Willett WC; Giovannucci E · Clinical endocrinology · 2012
    Case-control study1,362 participantsTestosterone Support forVitamin D
  103. Causal Link Between Vitamin D and Total Testosterone in Men: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis.
    Chen C; Zhai H; Cheng J; Weng P; Chen Y; Li Q; Wang C; Xia F; Wang N; Lu Y · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2020
    Other4,254 participantsTestosterone Support forVitamin D
  104. Associations of vitamin D status and vitamin D-related polymorphisms with sex hormones in older men.
    Rafiq R; van Schoor NM; Sohl E; Zillikens MC; Oosterwerff MM; Schaap L; Lips P; de Jongh RT · The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology · 2017
    Cohort study643 participantsTestosterone Support forVitamin D