Product Image

Centrum Silver Men 50+

Centrum
4.8
★ ★ ★ ★ ★
(592 ratings)
Vitamin A 3500 IU
Iodine 150 mcg
Calcium 210 mg
Niacin 20 mg
Manganese 4 mg
Chloride 72 mg
Zinc 15 mg
Product Image
Score72
A convenient, inexpensive one-tablet multi for older men with broad basic coverage. Unspecified forms and incomplete calcium and magnesium are its main limitations.
How scoring works
Quantity:100 Tablet(s) • (100 servings)
Goals:
General Health
Immunity
Energy

Score 72

A convenient, inexpensive one-tablet multi for older men with broad basic coverage. Unspecified forms and incomplete calcium and magnesium are its main limitations.
How scoring works

Also available as

2 options
1050mcg Vitamin A • 100 Tablet(s) servings 1050mcg Vitamin A • 100 Tablet(s) • 100 servings $8.79 ($0.08 per serving) 200 servings 1 Tablet(s) • 200 Tablet(s) • 200 servings $18.97 ($0.09 per serving)
$10.42($0.10 per serving)
Walmart
$ 10.42
Report prices

Analysis

The formula provides a broad spread of vitamins and minerals in one daily tablet, including vitamin D, zinc, iodine, B12, and antioxidants. It avoids iron, which is often appropriate for older men who do not have an identified deficiency.

Most chemical forms are not disclosed, so absorption quality cannot be compared with more transparent products. Calcium and magnesium are present in partial amounts, while lutein and lycopene are too small to make this a focused eye or prostate formula.

It works best as an economical nutritional safety net rather than a high-depth mineral supplement. Diet or separate clinician-directed support may still be needed for calcium, magnesium, and other specific gaps.

Who is it for
  • Men over fifty seeking basic daily coverage
  • Adults who do not need supplemental iron
  • People who value a one-tablet routine
Best for
  • General nutritional coverage
  • Iron-free multivitamin use
  • Simple long-term convenience

Pros

  • Covers most essential vitamins and trace minerals
  • One-tablet serving is convenient
  • Includes vitamin D, zinc, iodine, and B12
  • Avoids unnecessary iron for many older men
  • Economical for daily use

Cons

  • Most nutrient forms are undisclosed
  • Calcium and magnesium coverage is incomplete
  • Lutein and lycopene amounts are modest
  • Not designed for correcting major mineral gaps

Warnings

  • Vitamin K can interfere with warfarin-type anticoagulants and requires consistent clinician-guided intake.
  • The iodine amount may require review for people with thyroid disease or those taking thyroid medication.
  • Fifteen milligrams of zinc should be counted with other zinc products, particularly because the formula supplies comparatively little copper.

Nutrient quality

67 High impact

Broad, moderate nutrient coverage fits many older men and avoids unnecessary iron. Unspecified forms and weak mineral and carotenoid amounts are the main limitations.

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Ingredient transparency

72 High impact

Active amounts are clear and no proprietary blend is shown. Most nutrient forms, complete use directions, and non-active ingredients are missing.

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Customer satisfaction

67 High impact

The supplied average is strong, and the rating count is moderate. Specific firsthand feedback is absent, so repeated complaints and purpose fit cannot be assessed.

.

Value for money

85 Highest impact

The low serving cost supports strong value for broad daily coverage. Ordinary forms and a few weak amounts keep it from being exceptional.

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Report analysis

Goals

General Health
General Health
Impact
High effect
A- Goal FitC Strength of SupportB+ CoverageB+ Formula Quality
Folate · 300 mcgVitamin B12 · 100 mcgVitamin D · 600 IUMagnesium · 75 mgVitamin K · 60 mcgSelenium · 21 mcgZinc · 15 mgVitamin C · 120 mg

A practical one-tablet blend covers most essential vitamins and trace minerals and includes a useful vitamin D amount. Most nutrient forms are not identified, while calcium and magnesium provide only partial daily coverage.

The formula broadly covers nutrient gaps, bone support, energy metabolism, and antioxidant nutrients. The conventional vitamin and mineral design is straightforward and largely free of decorative extras.

Study evidence
Magnesium Supportive 114 studies
Vitamin D Supportive 115 studies
Immunity
Immunity
Impact
High effect
B- Goal FitC- Strength of SupportB- CoverageB Formula Quality
Magnesium · 75 mgVitamin C · 120 mgZinc · 15 mgVitamin A · 3500 IUVitamin D · 600 IUSelenium · 21 mcg

Vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, zinc, selenium, and vitamin E provide balanced daily immune nutrition. Zinc reaches a useful amount, and the single-tablet formula avoids a long list of speculative botanicals.

Vitamin C, vitamin D, and selenium remain at maintenance rather than targeted amounts. Unspecified chemical forms also limit confidence in absorption and ingredient quality.

Study evidence
Selenium Mixed 37 studies
Vitamin A Supportive 107 studies
Vitamin C Supportive 53 studies
Vitamin D Supportive 85 studies
Vitamin E Supportive 21 studies
Zinc Supportive 73 studies
Energy
Energy
Impact
High effect
B- Goal FitD Strength of SupportC+ CoverageA- Formula Quality
Iodine · 150 mcgVitamin D · 600 IUVitamin B5 · 10 mgMagnesium · 75 mgRiboflavin · 1.7 mgThiamin · 1.5 mgVitamin B12 · 100 mcgPotassium · 80 mg

A basic multivitamin can help energy when fatigue reflects a nutrient deficiency. Vitamin D and iodine provide some relevant support, but most B-vitamin amounts are routine maintenance levels.

Magnesium and vitamin B12 fall below the goal thresholds, and chemical forms are largely undisclosed. The streamlined formula is coherent but unlikely to provide a noticeable energy effect in someone without a deficiency.

Study evidence
Iodine Adverse 3 studies
Magnesium Supportive 4 studies
Vitamin B12 Disputed 14 studies
Vitamin D Supportive 32 studies
Skin Health
Skin Health
Impact
Moderate effect
B- Goal FitC- Strength of SupportC CoverageC+ Formula Quality
Zinc · 15 mgVitamin C · 120 mgCopper · 0.5 mgSelenium · 21 mcgSilicon · 2 mgLycopene · 600 mcgVitamin E · 60 IU

Vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, and small silicon support basic turnover, repair, and antioxidant defense. The core nutrients have established skin roles, though the formula lacks a targeted clinical skin active.

Zinc and vitamin C are useful maintenance amounts while silicon and lycopene are only trace additions. Most chemical forms are not disclosed and no premium skin-targeted delivery is identified.

Study evidence
Lycopene Supportive 20 studies
Silicon Supportive 16 studies
Vitamin A Supportive 106 studies
Vitamin C Supportive 53 studies
Vitamin E Supportive 38 studies
Zinc Supportive 66 studies
Bone Health
Bone Health
Impact
Moderate effect
B- Goal FitD- Strength of SupportC CoverageB Formula Quality
Phosphorus · 20 mgVitamin K · 60 mcgMagnesium · 75 mgCalcium · 210 mgVitamin D · 600 IUCopper · 0.5 mgManganese · 4 mgZinc · 15 mgVitamin C · 120 mg

Calcium, vitamin D, magnesium, zinc, manganese, and silicon offer broad maintenance support. The amounts are oriented toward modest daily gap filling.

Calcium and magnesium fall well below focused bone-support targets. Most chemical forms are not disclosed and vitamin K is not identified as K2.

Study evidence
Calcium Supportive 144 studies
Magnesium Supportive 48 studies
Manganese Adverse 12 studies
Silicon Supportive 13 studies
Vitamin D Supportive 202 studies
Vitamin K Supportive 78 studies
Zinc Supportive 33 studies
Vision Support
Vision Support
Impact
Moderate effect
C Goal FitD+ Strength of SupportC- CoverageB- Formula Quality
Zinc · 15 mgVitamin E · 60 IUVitamin C · 120 mgCopper · 0.5 mgVitamin A · 3500 IU

Vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, copper, lutein, and lycopene provide basic eye-nutrition coverage. Zinc is paired with copper within a simple daily multivitamin.

Lutein and lycopene are present only in small amounts, and zeaxanthin plus omega fatty acids are absent. The product supports general antioxidant nutrition more than focused macular protection.

Study evidence
Copper Supportive 7 studies
Lycopene Supportive 5 studies
Selenium Supportive 15 studies
Vitamin A Supportive 65 studies
Vitamin C Disputed 24 studies
Vitamin E Disputed 35 studies
Zinc Supportive 39 studies
Hair Health
Hair Health
Impact
Moderate effect
C Goal FitD- Strength of SupportD+ CoverageC Formula Quality
Biotin · 30 mcgVitamin D · 600 IUZinc · 15 mgVitamin C · 120 mg

Zinc, vitamin D, biotin, antioxidant vitamins, and a small silicon amount provide basic follicle nutrition. The one-tablet multivitamin may help cover routine gaps but is not designed as a focused hair supplement.

Zinc reaches a practical amount, while biotin and silicon are too low for targeted structural support. Missing chemical forms for zinc, vitamin D, and vitamin E also make absorption quality difficult to judge.

Study evidence
Biotin Supportive 4 studies
Selenium Disputed 7 studies
Silicon Supportive 2 studies
Vitamin D Disputed 34 studies
Vitamin E No effect 3 studies
Zinc Supportive 22 studies

Ingredients

IngredientAmount per serving
Vitamin A (Beta-Carotene)
 3500 IU
Vitamin C
120 mg
Vitamin D
600 IU
Vitamin E
60 IU
Vitamin K
60 mcg
Thiamine
1.5 mg
Riboflavin
1.7 mg
Niacin
20 mg
Vitamin B6
6 mg
Folic Acid
300 mcg
Vitamin B12
100 mcg
Biotin
30 mcg
Pantothenic Acid
10 mg
Calcium
210 mg
Phosphorus
20 mg
Iodine
150 mcg
Magnesium
75 mg
Zinc
15 mg
Selenium
21 mcg
Copper
0.5 mg
Manganese
4 mg
Chromium
60 mcg
Molybdenum
50 mcg
Chloride
72 mg
Potassium
80 mg
Nickel
5 mcg
Silicon
2 mg
Vanadium
10 mcg
Lutein
300 mcg
Lycopene
600 mcg
Men 50+
Report overview
Vitamin A (Beta-Carotene) · 3500 IU OverallScore80
D+ Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityA+ Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyA+ Value

The beta-carotene-only formula uses a regulated provitamin form, though its natural source is not disclosed. The dose is well aligned with the preferred range and is clearly tied to one form, but the dry tablet needs dietary fat for absorption. Very low standardized cost makes it an economical source within a broad multivitamin.

View ingredientView products
Iodine · 150 mcg OverallScore77
D- Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityA+ Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyA+ Value

The 150 mcg iodine amount fits routine daily maintenance, but the chemical form is not disclosed. A single multivitamin tablet is convenient, although its mineral matrix may slow disintegration. The very low serving cost makes the broad formula economical despite limited source transparency.

View ingredientView products
Calcium · 210 mg OverallScore65
F Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityB+ Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyA+ Value

The exact calcium form is not disclosed, preventing an absorption-quality assessment. The 210 mg calcium amount offers a useful supplemental dose below the single-dose absorption ceiling. The broad multivitamin delivers this modest calcium amount at very low serving cost.

View ingredientView products
Loading alternative details
80 Performance

Daily Vits

NOW
Chelated iron, zinc, copper, and manganese plus methylcobalamin provide better form quality than the original product's mostly unspecified nutrients. Vitamin D2, folic acid, and magnesium oxide are weaker choices, while supplemental iron may be unnecessary for many men over fifty.
85 Performance

Essential Blend Multi Mineral

Jigsaw Health
Chelated trace minerals provide clearly named forms and meaningful amounts of selenium, chromium, manganese, iodine, copper, and molybdenum. It does not replace the original vitamin coverage, but it offers a stronger option when trace-mineral quality is the priority.
79 Performance

Sentry Senior Adults 50+

21st Century
Broad senior-focused coverage and a long supply support practical daily maintenance with a direct age fit. Basic mineral forms and modest trace-mineral amounts limit the quality improvement, though the formula is more clearly positioned for general senior use.
76 Budget

One Daily Men's Health

Equate
Broad one-tablet nutrient coverage offers a similarly economical maintenance approach with useful vitamin and mineral amounts. Chemical forms remain largely unspecified, but the formula avoids relying on tiny lutein and lycopene additions to imply extra depth.
79 Budget

Sentry Senior

21st Century
Senior-focused vitamin and mineral coverage provides a low-cost alternative with broad maintenance dosing. Several inorganic forms and modest structural minerals remain limitations, so the benefit is practical economy rather than higher ingredient quality.
78 Budget

Centrum Silver Men 50+

GSK
A long-supply mature-men formula closely matches the original goal and broad nutrient pattern at favorable value. Most chemical forms are still undisclosed and several specialty amounts are modest, but the fit is direct and practical.
74 Value

Complete Multivitamin Adults 50+

Equate
Broad mature-adult coverage provides a very long supply with useful vitamin D3 and moderate daily amounts. Forms are mostly unspecified and several minerals and carotenoids are modest, but the overall nutrient breadth is strong for the serving value.
75 Value

Flintstones Complete

Bayer
Broad vitamins and minerals come in an economical chewable format with beta-carotene as a useful vitamin A source. The child-oriented dosing and modest amounts make it less directly matched to men over fifty, so label directions and suitability need checking.
72 Value

Centrum Silver Adults 50+

Centrum
A mature-adult formula preserves the original broad maintenance focus and offers a long, economical supply. Most forms remain unspecified and mineral depth is modest, but it is a close value-oriented substitute for general daily coverage.
Report alternatives

Sources

Published studies used for the product analysis and the top-ranked studies for each ingredient and goal.

  1. What is the impact of daily oral supplementation of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) plus calcium on the incidence of hip fracture in older people? A systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Manoj P; Derwin R; George S · International journal of older people nursing · 2023
    Meta-analysis12,620 participants7 studies pooledBone Health forCalcium
  2. Calcium supplementation prevents seasonal bone loss and changes in biochemical markers of bone turnover in elderly New England women: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.
    Storm D; Eslin R; Porter ES; Musgrave K; Vereault D; Patton C; Kessenich C; Mohan S; Chen T; Holick MF; Rosen CJ · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 1998
    Randomized trial60 participantsBone Health forCalcium
  3. The effects of calcium supplementation (milk powder or tablets) and exercise on bone density in postmenopausal women.
    Prince R; Devine A; Dick I; Criddle A; Kerr D; Kent N; Price R; Randell A · Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 1995
    Randomized trial168 participantsBone Health forCalcium
  4. The efficacy of calcium supplementation alone in elderly Thai women over a 2-year period: a randomized controlled trial.
    Rajatanavin R; Chailurkit L; Saetung S; Thakkinstian A; Nimitphong H · Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2014
    Randomized trial404 participantsBone Health forCalcium
  5. Calcium-enriched foods and bone mass growth in prepubertal girls: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
    Bonjour JP; Carrie AL; Ferrari S; Clavien H; Slosman D; Theintz G; Rizzoli R · The Journal of clinical investigation · 1997
    Randomized trial149 participantsBone Health forCalcium
  6. Association between Serum Magnesium and Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.
    Dominguez LJ; Veronese N; Ciriminna S; Pérez-Albela JL; Vásquez-López VF; Rodas-Regalado S; Di Bella G; Parisi A; Tagliaferri F; Barbagallo M · Nutrients · 2023
    Meta-analysis119,755 participants4 studies pooledBone Health forMagnesium
  7. Bioabsorbable Magnesium-Based Materials Potential and Safety in Bone Surgery: A Systematic Review.
    Hung CH; Kwok YC; Yip J; Wong HH; Leung YY · Craniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction · 2025
    Systematic review386 participants8 studies pooledBone Health forMagnesium
  8. Vascularized bone grafting fixed by biodegradable magnesium screw for treating osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
    Zhao D; Huang S; Lu F; Wang B; Yang L; Qin L; Yang K; Li Y; Li W; Wang W; Tian S; Zhang X; Gao W; Wang Z; Zhang Y; Xie X; Wang J; Li J · Biomaterials · 2016
    Randomized trial48 participantsBone Health forMagnesium
  9. An update on magnesium and bone health.
    Rondanelli M; Faliva MA; Tartara A; Gasparri C; Perna S; Infantino V; Riva A; Petrangolini G; Peroni G · Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2022
    Narrative reviewBone Health forMagnesium
  10. Sex-specific differences in the association of magnesium intake with femoral neck bone mineral density among older adults.
    Wang B; Tan X; Yao X; Zhu Z · Endocrine connections · 2025
    Cross-sectional study1,343 participantsBone Health forMagnesium
  11. Risk of Environmental Chemicals on Bone Fractures Is Independent of Low Bone Mass in US Adults: Insights from 2017 to 2018 NHANES.
    Ling R; Ai Y; Chen C; Zhang J; Zou Z; Cheng S; Li C; Li X; Wang B · Metabolites · 2023
    Cross-sectional study2,640 participantsBone Health forManganese
  12. The Manganese-Bone Connection: Investigating the Role of Manganese in Bone Health.
    Taskozhina G; Batyrova G; Umarova G; Issanguzhina Z; Kereyeva N · Journal of clinical medicine · 2024
    Narrative reviewBone Health forManganese
  13. Associations of multiple metals with bone mineral density: A population-based study in US adults.
    Wei MH; Cui Y; Zhou HL; Song WJ; Di DS; Zhang RY; Huang Q; Liu JA; Wang Q · Chemosphere · 2021
    Cross-sectional studyBone Health forManganese
  14. Sex-specific associations of urinary mixed-metal concentrations with femoral bone mineral density among older people: an NHANES (2017-2020) analysis.
    Li H; Li G; Yi M; Zhou J; Deng Y; Huang Y; He S; Meng X; Liu L · Frontiers in public health · 2024
    Cross-sectional study31 participantsBone Health forManganese
  15. Relationship between blood manganese and bone mineral density and bone mineral content in adults: A population-based cross-sectional study.
    Wang C; Zhu Y; Long H; Ou M; Zhao S · PloS one · 2022
    Cross-sectional study9,732 participantsBone Health forManganese
  16. The effect of choline-stabilized orthosilicic acid in patients with peri-implantitis: an exploratory randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study.
    Teughels W; Celik GU; Tarce M; De Cock I; Persyn SM; Haytac MC · BMC oral health · 2021
    Randomized trial21 participantsBone Health forSilicon
  17. Calcium Phosphate Modified with Silicon vs. Bovine Hydroxyapatite for Alveolar Ridge Preservation: Densitometric Evaluation, Morphological Changes and Histomorphometric Study.
    Cadenas-Vacas G; Martínez-Rodríguez N; Barona-Dorado C; Sánchez-Labrador L; Cortés-Bretón Brinkmann J; Meniz-García C; Martínez-González JM · Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021
    Non-randomized trialBone Health forSilicon
  18. Silicon: a review of its potential role in the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
    Price CT; Koval KJ; Langford JR · International journal of endocrinology · 2013
    Narrative reviewBone Health forSilicon
  19. Osteogenic Effect of a Bioactive Calcium Alkali Phosphate Bone Substitute in Humans.
    Knabe C; Adel-Khattab D; Rezk M; Cheng J; Berger G; Gildenhaar R; Wilbig J; Günster J; Rack A; Heiland M; Knauf T; Stiller M · Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
    Clinical trial38 participantsBone Health forSilicon
  20. Silicon and bone health.
    Jugdaohsingh R · The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2007
    Narrative reviewBone Health forSilicon
  21. Pregnancy vitamin D supplementation and offspring bone mineral density in childhood follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.
    Moon RJ; D' Angelo S; Curtis EM; Ward KA; Crozier SR; Schoenmakers I; Javaid MK; Bishop NJ; Godfrey KM; Cooper C; Harvey NC; MAVIDOS Trial Group · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2024
    Randomized trial454 participantsBone Health forVitamin D
  22. Vitamin D analogs and bone: preclinical and clinical studies with eldecalcitol.
    Matsumoto T; Takano T; Saito H; Takahashi F · BoneKEy reports · 2014
    Narrative reviewBone Health forVitamin D
  23. Efficacy of vitamin D fortified foods on bone mineral density and serum bone biomarkers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional studies.
    Tangestani H; Djafarian K; Emamat H; Arabzadegan N; Shab-Bidar S · Critical reviews in food science and nutrition · 2020
    Meta-analysis1,786 participants20 studies pooledBone Health forVitamin D
  24. Cholecalciferol Supplementation Attenuates Bone Loss in Incident Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Prespecified Secondary Endpoint Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.
    Tsujita M; Doi Y; Obi Y; Hamano T; Tomosugi T; Futamura K; Okada M; Hiramitsu T; Goto N; Isaka Y; Takeda A; Narumi S; Watarai Y · Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2022
    Randomized trial193 participantsBone Health forVitamin D
  25. Vitamin D supplementation and bone health in post-menopausal women: a 24-month randomized controlled intervention with enhanced bioavailability formulations.
    Rasool N; Munir Y · European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026
    Randomized trial612 participantsBone Health forVitamin D
  26. Vitamin K and the prevention of fractures: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Cockayne S; Adamson J; Lanham-New S; Shearer MJ; Gilbody S; Torgerson DJ · Archives of internal medicine · 2006
    Meta-analysis13 studies pooledBone Health forVitamin K
  27. Three-year low-dose menaquinone-7 supplementation helps decrease bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women.
    Knapen MH; Drummen NE; Smit E; Vermeer C; Theuwissen E · Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2014
    Randomized trial244 participantsBone Health forVitamin K
  28. Effect of combined administration of vitamin D3 and vitamin K2 on bone mineral density of the lumbar spine in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
    Iwamoto J; Takeda T; Ichimura S · Journal of orthopaedic science : official journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association · 2001
    Randomized trial92 participantsBone Health forVitamin K
  29. Efficacy and safety of vitamin K2 for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis at a long-term follow-up: meta-analysis and systematic review.
    Zhou M; Han S; Zhang W; Wu D · Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2022
    Meta-analysis6,853 participants9 studies pooledBone Health forVitamin K
  30. Low-dose vitamin K2 (MK-4) supplementation for 12 months improves bone metabolism and prevents forearm bone loss in postmenopausal Japanese women.
    Koitaya N; Sekiguchi M; Tousen Y; Nishide Y; Morita A; Yamauchi J; Gando Y; Miyachi M; Aoki M; Komatsu M; Watanabe F; Morishita K; Ishimi Y · Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2015
    Randomized trial48 participantsBone Health forVitamin K
  31. Increased incidence of fractures in middle-aged and elderly men with low intakes of phosphorus and zinc.
    Elmståhl S; Gullberg B; Janzon L; Johnell O; Elmståhl B · Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 1999
    Cohort study6,576 participantsBone Health forZinc
  32. Zinc Supplementation Increases Procollagen Type 1 Amino-Terminal Propeptide in Premenarcheal Girls: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
    Berger PK; Pollock NK; Laing EM; Chertin V; Bernard PJ; Grider A; Shapses SA; Ding KH; Isales CM; Lewis RD · The Journal of nutrition · 2016
    Randomized trial147 participantsBone Health forZinc
  33. Randomized controlled trial of prenatal zinc supplementation and fetal bone growth.
    Merialdi M; Caulfield LE; Zavaleta N; Figueroa A; Costigan KA; Dominici F; Dipietro JA · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2004
    Randomized trial242 participantsBone Health forZinc
  34. The effects of zinc supplementation on serum zinc, alkaline phosphatase activity and fracture healing of bones.
    Sadighi A; Roshan MM; Moradi A; Ostadrahimi A · Saudi medical journal · 2009
    Randomized trial60 participantsBone Health forZinc
  35. Is Zinc an Important Trace Element on Bone-Related Diseases and Complications? A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review from Serum Level, Dietary Intake, and Supplementation Aspects.
    Ceylan MN; Akdas S; Yazihan N · Biological trace element research · 2021
    Meta-analysis40 studies pooledBone Health forZinc
  36. Association of radioactive iodine treatment with survivorship symptoms and primary care utilisation in women of reproductive age with thyroid cancer: a retrospective cohort study.
    Devanarayan P; Hartman M; Partin M · Family medicine and community health · 2026
    Cohort study10,882 participantsEnergy forIodine
  37. Energy level and fatigue after surgery for thyroid cancer: A population-based study of patient-reported outcomes.
    Hughes DT; Reyes-Gastelum D; Kovatch KJ; Hamilton AS; Ward KC; Haymart MR · Surgery · 2020
    Cohort study2,584 participantsEnergy forIodine
  38. Health-Related Quality of Life in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Survivors: A Cross-Sectional Study From Turkey.
    Gültekin A; Kahraman MY; Şengöz T; Şimşek FS · Head & neck · 2026
    Cross-sectional study202 participantsEnergy forIodine
  39. Magnesium-L-threonate improves sleep quality and daytime functioning in adults with self-reported sleep problems: A randomized controlled trial.
    Hausenblas HA; Lynch T; Hooper S; Shrestha A; Rosendale D; Gu J · Sleep medicine: X · 2025
    Randomized trial80 participantsEnergy forMagnesium
  40. Total magnesium intake and risk of frailty in older women.
    Struijk EA; Fung TT; Bischoff-Ferrari HA; Willett WC; Lopez-Garcia E · Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2024
    Cohort study81,524 participantsEnergy forMagnesium
  41. Red blood cell magnesium and chronic fatigue syndrome.
    Cox IM; Campbell MJ; Dowson D · Lancet (London, England) · 1991
    Randomized trial32 participantsEnergy forMagnesium
  42. Exercise, magnesium and immune function.
    Laires MJ; Monteiro C · Magnesium research · 2008
    Narrative reviewEnergy forMagnesium
  43. A new perspective on vitamin B12 deficiency in rheumatology: a case-based review.
    Dułak NA; Rytlewska M; Jaskólska M; Chmielewski M · Rheumatology international · 2024
    Case series3 participantsEnergy forVitamin B12
  44. Effects of Vitamin B12 Supplementation on Cognitive Function, Depressive Symptoms, and Fatigue: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression.
    Markun S; Gravestock I; Jäger L; Rosemann T; Pichierri G; Burgstaller JM · Nutrients · 2021
    Meta-analysis6,276 participants16 studies pooledEnergy forVitamin B12
  45. Patients' experiences with methylcobalamin injections in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
    Zubair AS; Saab L; Scharer K; Khokhar B · Brain circulation · 2024
    Qualitative study5 participantsEnergy forVitamin B12
  46. Cobalamin deficiency: clinical picture and radiological findings.
    Briani C; Dalla Torre C; Citton V; Manara R; Pompanin S; Binotto G; Adami F · Nutrients · 2014
    Narrative reviewEnergy forVitamin B12
  47. Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Common Questions and Answers.
    Patel H; McGuirk R · American family physician · 2025
    Narrative reviewEnergy forVitamin B12
  48. Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
    López-Muñoz P; Torres-Costoso AI; Fernández-Rodríguez R; Guzmán-Pavón MJ; de Arenas-Arroyo SN; Basco-López JÁ; Reina-Gutiérrez S · Nutrients · 2023
    Meta-analysis345 participants5 studies pooledEnergy forVitamin D
  49. Vitamin D Supplementation in Adolescents and Young Adults With Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus for Improvement in Disease Activity and Fatigue Scores: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
    Lima GL; Paupitz J; Aikawa NE; Takayama L; Bonfa E; Pereira RM · Arthritis care & research · 2016
    Randomized trial40 participantsEnergy forVitamin D
  50. Vitamin D in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome After COVID-19 or Vaccination: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
    Kodama S; Nakata M; Konishi N; Yoshino M; Fujisawa A; Naganuma M; Kobayashi Y; Hirai Y; Kitagawa A; Miyokawa M; Mishima R; Teramukai S; Fukushima M · Nutrients · 2026
    Randomized trial91 participantsEnergy forVitamin D
  51. The effects of vitamin D supplementation on disease activity and fatigue in Libyan rheumatoid arthritis patients.
    Elfituri S · Reumatologia · 2024
    Randomized trial68 participantsEnergy forVitamin D
  52. The effect of home-based aerobic training and vitamin D supplementation on fatigue and quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis during COVID-19 outbreak.
    Bahmani E; Hoseini R; Amiri E · Science & sports · 2022
    Randomized trial40 participantsEnergy forVitamin D
  53. Perioperative systemic magnesium to minimize postoperative pain: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    De Oliveira GS; Castro-Alves LJ; Khan JH; McCarthy RJ · Anesthesiology · 2013
    Meta-analysis1,257 participants20 studies pooledGeneral Health forMagnesium
  54. Long-term outcome after intravenous magnesium sulphate in suspected acute myocardial infarction: the second Leicester Intravenous Magnesium Intervention Trial (LIMIT-2).
    Woods KL; Fletcher S · Lancet (London, England) · 1994
    Randomized trial2,316 participantsGeneral Health forMagnesium
  55. Association of magnesium sulfate use with mortality in critically ill patients with sepsis: a retrospective propensity score-matched cohort study.
    Gu WJ; Duan XJ; Liu XZ; Cen Y; Tao LY; Lyu J; Yin HY · British journal of anaesthesia · 2023
    Cohort study10,999 participantsGeneral Health forMagnesium
  56. Hypomagnesemia and Mortality in Incident Hemodialysis Patients.
    Li L; Streja E; Rhee CM; Mehrotra R; Soohoo M; Brunelli SM; Kovesdy CP; Kalantar-Zadeh K · American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2016
    Cohort study9,359 participantsGeneral Health forMagnesium
  57. The effects of magnesium supplementation on abnormal uterine bleeding, alopecia, quality of life, and acne in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized clinical trial.
    Jaripur M; Ghasemi-Tehrani H; Askari G; Gholizadeh-Moghaddam M; Clark CCT; Rouhani MH · Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2022
    Randomized trial64 participantsGeneral Health forMagnesium
  58. Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults.
    Bjelakovic G; Gluud LL; Nikolova D; Whitfield K; Wetterslev J; Simonetti RG; Bjelakovic M; Gluud C · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2014
    Meta-analysis95,286 participants159 studies pooledGeneral Health forVitamin D
  59. Effect of vitamin D on gastrointestinal symptoms and health-related quality of life in irritable bowel syndrome patients: a randomized double-blind clinical trial.
    Abbasnezhad A; Amani R; Hajiani E; Alavinejad P; Cheraghian B; Ghadiri A · Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2018
    Randomized trial90 participantsGeneral Health forVitamin D
  60. The impact of vitamin D administration on mortality in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
    Kow CS; Ramachandram DS; Hasan SS; Wong Z; Thiruchelvam K · Inflammopharmacology · 2024
    Meta-analysis2,495 participants19 studies pooledGeneral Health forVitamin D
  61. Vitamin D Status and Mortality: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies.
    Heath AK; Kim IY; Hodge AM; English DR; Muller DC · International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019
    Systematic review84 studies pooledGeneral Health forVitamin D
  62. Meta-analysis of long-term vitamin D supplementation on overall mortality.
    Zheng Y; Zhu J; Zhou M; Cui L; Yao W; Liu Y · PloS one · 2014
    Meta-analysis42 studies pooledGeneral Health forVitamin D
  63. The Role of Sesbania grandiflora-Derived Biotin and Bambusa arundinacea-Derived Silica Extracts in Promoting Hair, Skin, and Nail Health: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study.
    Patel MN; Maheshvari J; Patel N · Cureus · 2025
    Randomized trial105 participantsHair Health forBiotin Skin Health forSilicon
  64. Low serum biotinidase activity in children with valproic acid monotherapy.
    Schulpis KH; Karikas GA; Tjamouranis J; Regoutas S; Tsakiris S · Epilepsia · 2001
    Clinical trial125 participantsHair Health forBiotin
  65. Vitamins A, B, C, and D: A Short Review for the Dermatologist.
    Coerdt KM; Goggins CA; Khachemoune A · Alternative therapies in health and medicine · 2021
    Narrative reviewHair Health forBiotin
  66. The Infatuation With Biotin Supplementation: Is There Truth Behind Its Rising Popularity? A Comparative Analysis of Clinical Efficacy versus Social Popularity.
    Soleymani T; Lo Sicco K; Shapiro J · Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD · 2018
    Narrative reviewHair Health forBiotin
  67. Beyond Efficacy: 0.6% Selenium Disulfide Shampoo Matches 2% Ketoconazole for Seborrheic Dermatitis with Superior Cosmesis.
    Farris PK; Barbosa V; Houshman EB; Kovylkina N · Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD · 2026
    Randomized trial87 participantsHair Health forSelenium
  68. Selenium Disulfide-based shampoo applied for 4 weeks significantly improves dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis.
    Turcu G; Artenie C; Nowicka D; Arenbergerová M; Lazaridou E; Khobzei K; Ataseven A; Part M; Leclerc-Mercier S · European journal of dermatology : EJD · 2023
    Observational study1,407 participantsHair Health forSelenium
  69. A Comparative Randomized Clinical Study Assessing the Efficacy of a 1% Selenium Disulfide-Based Shampoo versus 2% Ketoconazole Shampoo in Subjects with Moderate to Severe Scalp Seborrheic Dermatitis.
    Barbosa V; Melo DF; Vañó-Galván S; Lutchmanen-Kolanthan V; Sant'Anna B; Leclerc-Mercier S; Reygagne P · Skin appendage disorders · 2025
    Randomized trial64 participantsHair Health forSelenium
  70. Changes of serum trace elements level in patients with alopecia areata: A meta-analysis.
    Jin W; Zheng H; Shan B; Wu Y · The Journal of dermatology · 2018
    Meta-analysis764 participantsHair Health forSelenium
  71. Scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake level for selenium.
    EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA); Turck D; Bohn T; Castenmiller J; de Henauw S; Hirsch-Ernst KI; Knutsen HK; Maciuk A; Mangelsdorf I; McArdle HJ; Peláez C; Pentieva K; Siani A; Thies F; Tsabouri S; Vinceti M; Aggett P; Crous Bou M; Cubadda F; Ciccolallo L; de Sesmaisons Lecarré A; Fabiani L; Titz A; Naska A · EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2023
    Systematic reviewHair Health forSelenium
  72. Effect of oral intake of choline-stabilized orthosilicic acid on skin, nails and hair in women with photodamaged skin.
    Barel A; Calomme M; Timchenko A; De Paepe K; Demeester N; Rogiers V; Clarys P; Vanden Berghe D · Archives of dermatological research · 2006
    Randomized trial50 participantsHair Health forSilicon
  73. Effect of oral intake of choline-stabilized orthosilicic acid on hair tensile strength and morphology in women with fine hair
    R R Wickett, E Kossmann, A Barel, N Demeester, P Clarys, D Vanden Berghe, M Calomme · Archives of Dermatological Research · 2007
    Randomized trial48 participantsHair Health forSilicon
  74. Increased prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with alopecia areata: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Lee S; Kim BJ; Lee CH; Lee WS · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2018
    Meta-analysis2,039 participants14 studies pooledHair Health forVitamin D
  75. Intralesional vitamin D3 in treatment of alopecia areata: A randomized controlled clinical trial.
    Rashad AF; Elgamal E; Fouda I · Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2022
    Randomized trial60 participantsHair Health forVitamin D
  76. Vitamin D and its Analogs in Treatment of Mild to Moderate Alopecia Areata: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
    Alsaati AA; Kaliyadan F; Alsaadoun D; Alzakry LM; Alzabadin RA; Hakami TH; Rubaian NFB · Indian dermatology online journal · 2025
    Meta-analysisHair Health forVitamin D
  77. Topical calcipotriol vs narrowband ultraviolet B in treatment of alopecia areata: a randomized-controlled trial.
    El Taieb MA; Hegazy EM; Ibrahim HM; Osman AB; Abualhamd M · Archives of dermatological research · 2020
    Randomized trial60 participantsHair Health forVitamin D
  78. Serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D in non-scarring alopecia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Chen Y; Dong X; Wang Y; Li Y; Xiong L; Li L · Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2024
    Meta-analysis10,670 participants23 studies pooledHair Health forVitamin D
  79. Effects of tocotrienol supplementation on hair growth in human volunteers.
    Beoy LA; Woei WJ; Hay YK · Tropical life sciences research · 2014
    Randomized trial38 participantsHair Health forVitamin E
  80. Effects of dietary supplements on androgenetic alopecia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
    Zhou L; Zhu W; Chen Y · Frontiers in nutrition · 2026
    Meta-analysis1,658 participants19 studies pooledHair Health forVitamin E
  81. Evaluation of the Safety and Effectiveness of Nutritional Supplements for Treating Hair Loss: A Systematic Review.
    Drake L; Reyes-Hadsall S; Martinez J; Heinrich C; Huang K; Mostaghimi A · JAMA dermatology · 2023
    Systematic review30 studies pooledHair Health forVitamin E
  82. The effects of minoxidil, 1% pyrithione zinc and a combination of both on hair density: a randomized controlled trial.
    Berger RS; Fu JL; Smiles KA; Turner CB; Schnell BM; Werchowski KM; Lammers KM · The British journal of dermatology · 2003
    Randomized trial200 participantsHair Health forZinc
  83. Incubatory environment of the scalp impacts pre-emergent hair to affect post-emergent hair cuticle integrity.
    Schwartz JR; Henry JP; Kerr KM; Flagler MJ; Page SH; Redman-Furey N · Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2018
    Randomized trialHair Health forZinc
  84. A comparison of hair quality and cosmetic acceptance following the use of two anti-dandruff shampoos.
    Draelos ZD; Kenneally DC; Hodges LT; Billhimer W; Copas M; Margraf C · The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings · 2006
    Randomized trial40 participantsHair Health forZinc
  85. BMI and levels of zinc, copper in hair, serum and urine of Turkish male patients with androgenetic alopecia.
    Ozturk P; Kurutas E; Ataseven A; Dokur N; Gumusalan Y; Gorur A; Tamer L; Inaloz S · Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS) · 2015
    Case-control study216 participantsHair Health forZinc
  86. Analysis of serum zinc and copper concentrations in hair loss.
    Kil MS; Kim CW; Kim SS · Annals of dermatology · 2013
    Case-control study342 participantsHair Health forZinc
  87. Effects of selenium supplementation on selenoprotein gene expression and response to influenza vaccine challenge: a randomised controlled trial.
    Goldson AJ; Fairweather-Tait SJ; Armah CN; Bao Y; Broadley MR; Dainty JR; Furniss C; Hart DJ; Teucher B; Hurst R · PloS one · 2011
    Randomized trial119 participantsImmunity forSelenium
  88. Effect of selenium on immune response against hepatitis B vaccine with accelerated method in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients.
    Janbakhsh A; Mansouri F; Vaziri S; Sayad B; Afsharian M; Rahimi M; Shahebrahimi K; Salari F · Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2013
    Randomized trial62 participantsImmunity forSelenium
  89. Chemoprevention trial of human hepatitis with selenium supplementation in China.
    Yu SY; Li WG; Zhu YJ; Yu WP; Hou C · Biological trace element research · 1990
    Non-randomized trial20,847 participantsImmunity forSelenium
  90. Selenium nanoparticles as adjunctive therapy in sepsis: A pilot randomized clinical trial.
    Gu WJ; Huang W; Zhao FZ; Yuan XK; Jin K; Chen JL; Zhang CY; Huang Y; He L; Zhuang H; Yin HY; Chen T · Drug resistance updates : reviews and commentaries in antimicrobial and anticancer chemotherapy · 2026
    Randomized trial70 participantsImmunity forSelenium
  91. Selenium supplementation in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis decreases thyroid peroxidase antibodies concentrations.
    Gärtner R; Gasnier BC; Dietrich JW; Krebs B; Angstwurm MW · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2002
    Randomized trial70 participantsImmunity forSelenium
  92. Depressed immune response to tetanus in children with vitamin A deficiency.
    Semba RD; Muhilal; Scott AL; Natadisastra G; Wirasasmita S; Mele L; Ridwan E; West KP; Sommer A · The Journal of nutrition · 1992
    Randomized trial236 participantsImmunity forVitamin A
  93. Impact of a single megadose of vitamin A at delivery on breastmilk of mothers and morbidity of their infants.
    Roy SK; Islam A; Molla A; Akramuzzaman SM; Jahan F; Fuchs G · European journal of clinical nutrition · 1997
    Randomized trial50 participantsImmunity forVitamin A
  94. Vitamin A supplementation reduces measles morbidity in young African children: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial.
    Coutsoudis A; Broughton M; Coovadia HM · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 1991
    Randomized trial60 participantsImmunity forVitamin A
  95. Vitamin A supplementation enhances specific IgG antibody levels and total lymphocyte numbers while improving morbidity in measles.
    Coutsoudis A; Kiepiela P; Coovadia HM; Broughton M · The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 1992
    Randomized trial60 participantsImmunity forVitamin A
  96. Vitamin A supplementation reduces the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 intestinal immune response of Mexican children.
    Long KZ; Santos JI; Estrada Garcia T; Haas M; Firestone M; Bhagwat J; Dupont HL; Hertzmark E; Rosado JL; Nanthakumar NN · The Journal of nutrition · 2006
    Randomized trial127 participantsImmunity forVitamin A
  97. Vitamin C and contribution to the normal function of the immune system: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006.
    EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) · EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2026
    Guideline / consensusImmunity forVitamin C
  98. Therapeutic effects of high-dose vitamin C supplementation in patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis.
    Sun L; Zhao JH; Fan WY; Feng B; Liu WW; Chen RQ; Ban C; Dang AG; Wang M; Luo KT; Zhou GY; Yu FF; Ba Y · Nutrition reviews · 2024
    Meta-analysis2,334 participants14 studies pooledImmunity forVitamin C
  99. Effect of micronutrient supplements on influenza and other respiratory tract infections among adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Abioye AI; Bromage S; Fawzi W · BMJ global health · 2021
    Meta-analysisImmunity forVitamin C
  100. New evidence for antioxidant properties of vitamin C.
    Vojdani A; Bazargan M; Vojdani E; Wright J · Cancer detection and prevention · 2001
    Randomized trial20 participantsImmunity forVitamin C
  101. Enhanced Vitamin C Delivery: A Systematic Literature Review Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Alternative Supplement Forms in Healthy Adults.
    Calder PC; Kreider RB; McKay DL · Nutrients · 2025
    Systematic review13 studies pooledImmunity forVitamin C
  102. Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory infections: individual participant data meta-analysis.
    Martineau AR; Jolliffe DA; Greenberg L; Aloia JF; Bergman P; Dubnov-Raz G; Esposito S; Ganmaa D; Ginde AA; Goodall EC; Grant CC; Janssens W; Jensen ME; Kerley CP; Laaksi I; Manaseki-Holland S; Mauger D; Murdoch DR; Neale R; Rees JR; Simpson S; Stelmach I; Trilok Kumar G; Urashima M; Camargo CA; Griffiths CJ; Hooper RL · Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2020
    Meta-analysis11,321 participants25 studies pooledImmunity forVitamin D
  103. Association Between Vitamin D and Influenza: Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
    Zhu Z; Zhu X; Gu L; Zhan Y; Chen L; Li X · Frontiers in nutrition · 2022
    Meta-analysis4,859 participants10 studies pooledImmunity forVitamin D
  104. Vitamin D3 and deconvoluting a rash.
    Ernst MK; Evans ST; Techner JM; Rothbaum RM; Christensen LF; Onay UV; Biyashev D; Demczuk MM; Nguyen CV; Honda KS; McCormick TS; Tsoi LC; Gudjonsson JE; Cooper KD; Lu KQ · JCI insight · 2023
    Randomized trial28 participantsImmunity forVitamin D
  105. Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on cellular immunity and inflammatory markers in COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU.
    Bychinin MV; Klypa TV; Mandel IA; Yusubalieva GM; Baklaushev VP; Kolyshkina NA; Troitsky AV · Scientific reports · 2022
    Randomized trial110 participantsImmunity forVitamin D
  106. Current opinion on the role of vitamin D supplementation in respiratory infections and asthma/COPD exacerbations: A need to establish publication guidelines for overcoming the unpublished data.
    Anitua E; Tierno R; Alkhraisat MH · Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2022
    Meta-analysis50,554 participants65 studies pooledImmunity forVitamin D
  107. Vitamin E supplementation enhances cell-mediated immunity in healthy elderly subjects.
    Meydani SN; Barklund MP; Liu S; Meydani M; Miller RA; Cannon JG; Morrow FD; Rocklin R; Blumberg JB · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 1990
    Randomized trial32 participantsImmunity forVitamin E
  108. Immunomodulatory effects of palm-derived tocotrienol-rich fraction in healthy volunteers following influenza vaccination: A randomised clinical trial.
    Chen S; Ahmad B; Palanisamy UD; Hafid SRA; Selvaduray KR; Radhakrishnan AK · Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.) · 2026
    Randomized trial150 participantsImmunity forVitamin E
  109. Effects of supplementation with tocotrienol-rich fraction on immune response to tetanus toxoid immunization in normal healthy volunteers.
    Mahalingam D; Radhakrishnan AK; Amom Z; Ibrahim N; Nesaretnam K · European journal of clinical nutrition · 2011
    Randomized trialImmunity forVitamin E
  110. Vitamin E and beta-carotene supplementation and hospital-treated pneumonia incidence in male smokers.
    Hemilä H; Virtamo J; Albanes D; Kaprio J · Chest · 2004
    Randomized trial29,133 participantsImmunity forVitamin E
  111. Vitamin E supplementation and in vivo immune response in healthy elderly subjects. A randomized controlled trial.
    Meydani SN; Meydani M; Blumberg JB; Leka LS; Siber G; Loszewski R; Thompson C; Pedrosa MC; Diamond RD; Stollar BD · JAMA · 1997
    Randomized trial88 participantsImmunity forVitamin E
  112. Nutrient supplementation for prevention of viral respiratory tract infections in healthy subjects: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Vlieg-Boerstra B; de Jong N; Meyer R; Agostoni C; De Cosmi V; Grimshaw K; Milani GP; Muraro A; Oude Elberink H; Pali-Schöll I; Roduit C; Sasaki M; Skypala I; Sokolowska M; van Splunter M; Untersmayr E; Venter C; O'Mahony L; Nwaru BI · Allergy · 2022
    Meta-analysis199,055 participants115 studies pooledImmunity forZinc
  113. Zinc supplementation reduces the incidence of acute lower respiratory infections in infants and preschool children: a double-blind, controlled trial.
    Sazawal S; Black RE; Jalla S; Mazumdar S; Sinha A; Bhan MK · Pediatrics · 1998
    Randomized trial609 participantsImmunity forZinc
  114. A randomized controlled trial of zinc supplementation in the treatment of acute respiratory tract infection in Thai children.
    Rerksuppaphol S; Rerksuppaphol L · Pediatric reports · 2020
    Randomized trial64 participantsImmunity forZinc
  115. The effect of zinc and vitamin A supplementation on immune response in an older population.
    Fortes C; Forastiere F; Agabiti N; Fano V; Pacifici R; Virgili F; Piras G; Guidi L; Bartoloni C; Tricerri A; Zuccaro P; Ebrahim S; Perucci CA · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 1998
    Randomized trial136 participantsImmunity forZinc
  116. The role of specific nutrients in preventing immune system and blood cell disorders: an umbrella review.
    Vecchietti A; Strano P; Minutolo G; Grieco V; Cappuccio G; Granvillano G; Confalonieri L; Briganti GL; Raso E; Chimienti M; Pellegrini M; Mercogliano M; Spatari G; Lugli C; Urbano T; Lorenzon A · Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2026
    Systematic review13 studies pooledImmunity forZinc
  117. Systemic and skin-targeting beneficial effects of lycopene-enriched ice cream: A pilot study.
    Chernyshova MP; Pristenskiy DV; Lozbiakova MV; Chalyk NE; Bandaletova TY; Petyaev IM · Journal of dairy science · 2019
    Randomized trialSkin Health forLycopene
  118. Topical lycopene emulgel significantly improves biophysical parameters of human skin.
    Sohail M; Muhammad Faran Ashraf Baig M; Akhtar N; Chen Y; Xie B; Li B · European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V · 2022
    Clinical trialSkin Health forLycopene
  119. Supplementation with tomato-based products increases lycopene, phytofluene, and phytoene levels in human serum and protects against UV-light-induced erythema.
    Aust O; Stahl W; Sies H; Tronnier H; Heinrich U · International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition · 2005
    Randomized trialSkin Health forLycopene
  120. Association of Vitamin A Intake With Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Risk in the United States.
    Kim J; Park MK; Li WQ; Qureshi AA; Cho E · JAMA dermatology · 2024
    Cohort study123,570 participantsSkin Health forLycopene
  121. β-Carotene and other carotenoids in protection from sunlight.
    Stahl W; Sies H · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2013
    Narrative reviewSkin Health forLycopene
  122. The Efficacy of a Silicone Sheet in Postoperative Scar Management.
    Kim JS; Hong JP; Choi JW; Seo DK; Lee ES; Lee HS · Advances in skin & wound care · 2018
    Randomized trialSkin Health forSilicon
  123. A non-inferiority study to compare the effect of silica gel fiber dressing with alginate dressing on healing of venous leg ulcers.
    Zhang L; Yang J; Wang H; Cai Y; Zhao W; Dong R; Liu D; Lu X · Wound management & prevention · 2023
    Randomized trial130 participantsSkin Health forSilicon
  124. Retrospective Study on the Clinical Superiority of the Vacuum-Assisted Closure System with a Silicon-based Dressing over the Conventional Tie-over Bolster Technique in Skin Graft Fixation.
    Chou PR; Wu SH; Hsieh MC; Huang SH · Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2020
    Cohort study26 participantsSkin Health forSilicon
  125. Silicon gel sheeting for preventing and treating hypertrophic and keloid scars.
    O'Brien L; Pandit A · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2006
    Meta-analysis559 participants13 studies pooledSkin Health forSilicon
  126. Efficacy and Tolerability of Topical 0.1% Stabilized Bioactive Retinol for Photoaging: A Vehicle-Controlled Integrated Analysis.
    Farris P; Berson D; Bhatia N; Goldberg D; Lain E; Mariwalla K; Zeichner J; Miller D; McGuire T; Kizoulis M · Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD · 2024
    Meta-analysis471 participants6 studies pooledSkin Health forVitamin A
  127. Tensile properties and contours of aging facial skin. A controlled double-blind comparative study of the effects of retinol, melibiose-lactose and their association.
    Piérard-Franchimont C; Castelli D; Cromphaut IV; Bertin C; Ries G; Cauwenbergh G; Piérard GE · Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI) · 2016
    Randomized trial120 participantsSkin Health forVitamin A
  128. Antiaging action of retinol: from molecular to clinical.
    Bellemère G; Stamatas GN; Bruère V; Bertin C; Issachar N; Oddos T · Skin pharmacology and physiology · 2009
    Randomized trial48 participantsSkin Health forVitamin A
  129. An Updated Review of Topical Tretinoin in Dermatology: From Acne and Photoaging to Skin Cancer.
    Balado-Simó P; Morgado-Carrasco D; Gómez-Armayones S; López-Ferrer A; Barco D; Ferrándiz-Pulido C; Podlipnik S · Journal of clinical medicine · 2025
    Narrative reviewSkin Health forVitamin A
  130. Novel Cyclized Hexapeptide-9 Outperforms Retinol Against Skin Aging: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Active- and Vehicle-Controlled Clinical Trial.
    Chang H; Tao K; Yang Y; Wang Y; Ge M; Wang X; Tang S; Yu H · Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025
    Randomized trialSkin Health forVitamin A
  131. Evaluation of the anti-wrinkle effect of an ascorbic acid-loaded dissolving microneedle patch via a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study.
    Lee C; Yang H; Kim S; Kim M; Kang H; Kim N; An S; Koh J; Jung H · International journal of cosmetic science · 2017
    Randomized trial23 participantsSkin Health forVitamin C
  132. Comparative Study on the Outcome of Periorbital Wrinkles Treated with Laser-Assisted Delivery of Vitamin C or Vitamin C Plus Growth Factors: A Randomized, Double-blind, Clinical Trial.
    Machado BHB; Frame J; Zhang J; Najlah M · Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2021
    Randomized trial149 participantsSkin Health forVitamin C
  133. Randomized trial of topical ascorbic acid in DMSO versus imiquimod for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma.
    Burke B; Bailie JE · Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2022
    Randomized trial25 participantsSkin Health forVitamin C
  134. Vitamin C improves healing of foot ulcers: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
    Gunton JE; Girgis CM; Lau T; Vicaretti M; Begg L; Flood V · The British journal of nutrition · 2022
    Randomized trial16 participantsSkin Health forVitamin C
  135. Dietary nutrient intakes and skin-aging appearance among middle-aged American women.
    Cosgrove MC; Franco OH; Granger SP; Murray PG; Mayes AE · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2007
    Cross-sectional study4,025 participantsSkin Health forVitamin C
  136. Randomized controlled trial using vitamins E and D supplementation in atopic dermatitis.
    Javanbakht MH; Keshavarz SA; Djalali M; Siassi F; Eshraghian MR; Firooz A; Seirafi H; Ehsani AH; Chamari M; Mirshafiey A · The Journal of dermatological treatment · 2011
    Randomized trial45 participantsSkin Health forVitamin E
  137. Serum vitamin E levels and chronic inflammatory skin diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Liu X; Yang G; Luo M; Lan Q; Shi X; Deng H; Wang N; Xu X; Zhang C · PloS one · 2022
    Meta-analysis20 studies pooledSkin Health forVitamin E
  138. Evidence-Based Nutritional Interventions in Wound Care.
    Saeg F; Orazi R; Bowers GM; Janis JE · Plastic and reconstructive surgery · 2021
    Systematic review2,339 participants36 studies pooledSkin Health forVitamin E Skin Health forZinc
  139. Effects of tocotrienol on aging skin: A systematic review.
    Ghazali NI; Mohd Rais RZ; Makpol S; Chin KY; Yap WN; Goon JA · Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022
    Systematic reviewSkin Health forVitamin E
  140. Carotenoids and carotenoids plus vitamin E protect against ultraviolet light-induced erythema in humans.
    Stahl W; Heinrich U; Jungmann H; Sies H; Tronnier H · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2000
    Randomized trialSkin Health forVitamin E
  141. Sex-related differences in response to zinc pyrithione shampoo vs. non-anti-dandruff shampoo.
    Collins LZ; Baines FL; Matheson JR; Turner GA; Diao Y; Li Y; Pi Y · International journal of cosmetic science · 2019
    Meta-analysis2,088 participants20 studies pooledSkin Health forZinc
  142. Maintenance of an Acidic Skin Surface with a Novel Zinc Lactobionate Emollient Preparation Improves Skin Barrier Function in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis.
    Andrew PV; Pinnock A; Poyner A; Brown K; Chittock J; Kay LJ; Cork MJ; Danby SG · Dermatology and therapy · 2024
    Cohort study23 participantsSkin Health forZinc
  143. Spatial expression of metallothionein, matrix metalloproteinase-1 and Ki-67 in human epidermal wounds treated with zinc and determined by quantitative immunohistochemistry: A randomised double-blind trial.
    Ågren MS; Chafranska L; Eriksen JO; Forman JL; Bjerrum MJ; Schjerling P; Larsen HF; Cottarelli E; Jorgensen LN; Gjerdrum LMR · European journal of cell biology · 2021
    Randomized trial30 participantsSkin Health forZinc
  144. A pilot trial using topical regular crystalline insulin vs. aqueous zinc solution for uncomplicated cutaneous wound healing: Impact on quality of life.
    Attia EA; Belal DM; El Samahy MH; El Hamamsy MH · Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society · 2014
    Randomized trial90 participantsSkin Health forZinc
  145. What did we learn in 35 years of research on nutrition and supplements for age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review.
    Pameijer EM; Heus P; Damen JAA; Spijker R; Hooft L; Ringens PJ; Imhof SM; van Leeuwen R · Acta ophthalmologica · 2023
    Systematic review27 studies pooledVision Support forCopper
  146. Dietary Nutrient Intake and Progression to Late Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the Age-Related Eye Disease Studies 1 and 2.
    Agrón E; Mares J; Clemons TE; Swaroop A; Chew EY; Keenan TDL; AREDS and AREDS2 Research Groups · Ophthalmology · 2021
    Cohort study8,242 participantsVision Support forCopper
  147. Association between late age-related macular degeneration and dietary intake of copper, iron, zinc and selenium: a 2005-2008 NHANES cross-sectional observational study.
    Lu Y; Li C; Liu Y; Wu T; Lu P · BMC ophthalmology · 2025
    Observational study4,996 participantsVision Support forCopper
  148. Associations between dietary nutrient intake and the risk of multiple age-related ocular diseases: evidence from longitudinal analysis.
    Yang Y; Zou H · The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2026
    Cohort study103,192 participantsVision Support forCopper
  149. Dietary habits and dietary nutrient intake in patients with age-related macular degeneration: A case-control study.
    Šalková Kráľová J; Kolář P; Kapounová Z; Veselý P; Derflerová Brázdová Z · Central European journal of public health · 2023
    Case-control study151 participantsVision Support forCopper
  150. The Associations of Plasma Carotenoids and Vitamins With Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Results From a Matched Case-Control Study in China and Meta-Analysis.
    Jiang H; Fan Y; Li J; Wang J; Kong L; Wang L; Li Z; Ma M; Shi X; Liu S; Shi J; Zhu H; Liu X; Ma L · Frontiers in nutrition · 2022
    Meta-analysis9 studies pooledVision Support forLycopene
  151. Serum carotenoids and risk of age-related macular degeneration in a chinese population sample.
    Zhou H; Zhao X; Johnson EJ; Lim A; Sun E; Yu J; Zhang Y; Liu X; Snellingen T; Shang F; Liu N · Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2011
    Case-control study263 participantsVision Support forLycopene
  152. Serum antioxidants and age-related macular degeneration in a population-based case-control study.
    Mares-Perlman JA; Brady WE; Klein R; Klein BE; Bowen P; Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis M; Palta M · Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) · 1995
    Case-control study334 participantsVision Support forLycopene
  153. Association between serum carotenoid concentrations and risk of major age-related eye diseases among middle-aged and older adults.
    Che S; Ma Y; Cao J · Frontiers in medicine · 2025
    Cross-sectional study1,478 participantsVision Support forLycopene
  154. Plasma antioxidant vitamins and carotenoids and age-related cataract
    Gale CR, Hall NF, Phillips DI, Martyn CN · Ophthalmology · 2001
    Cross-sectional study372 participantsVision Support forLycopene
  155. Efficacy and safety of AZR-MD-001 selenium sulfide ophthalmic ointment in adults with meibomian gland dysfunction: A vehicle-controlled, randomized clinical trial.
    Watson SL; Jones LW; Stapleton F; Hinds M; Ng A; Tan J; Alster Y; Bosworth C; Rafaeli O; DePuy V; CELESTIAL STUDY Group · The ocular surface · 2026
    Randomized trial245 participantsVision Support forSelenium
  156. The efficacy and safety of selenium supplementation versus placebo in the treatment of Graves' orbitopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
    Sharabati I; Qafesha RM; Hindawi MD; Amro S; Ayesh BM · Clinical endocrinology · 2024
    Meta-analysis4 studies pooledVision Support forSelenium
  157. Efficacy and safety of AZR-MD-001 selenium sulfide ophthalmic ointment in adults with meibomian gland dysfunction over six months of treatment: A Phase 2, vehicle-controlled, randomized extension trial.
    Downie LE; Craig JP; Stapleton F; Tan J; Jones LW; Ng A; Hinds M; Bosworth C; Alster Y · The ocular surface · 2025
    Randomized trial245 participantsVision Support forSelenium
  158. AZR-MD-001 0.5% selenium sulfide ophthalmic ointment for the treatment of contact lens discomfort: A vehicle-controlled, randomized, clinical trial.
    Stapleton F; Hinds M; Tan J; Jones L; Chalmers R; Bosworth C; Alster Y · The ocular surface · 2025
    Randomized trial67 participantsVision Support forSelenium
  159. The effect of a biweekly novel selenium sulfide-containing topical treatment in symptomatic contact lens wearers: An exploratory study.
    Stapleton F; Jia T; DePuy V; Bosworth C; Gleeson M; Tan J · The ocular surface · 2025
    Randomized trial14 participantsVision Support forSelenium
  160. A randomized trial of vitamin A and vitamin E supplementation for retinitis pigmentosa.
    Berson EL; Rosner B; Sandberg MA; Hayes KC; Nicholson BW; Weigel-DiFranco C; Willett W · Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) · 1993
    Randomized trial601 participantsVision Support forVitamin A
  161. Efficacy and safety of retinol palmitate ophthalmic solution in the treatment of dry eye: a Japanese Phase II clinical trial.
    Toshida H; Funaki T; Ono K; Tabuchi N; Watanabe S; Seki T; Otake H; Kato T; Ebihara N; Murakami A · Drug design, development and therapy · 2018
    Randomized trial66 participantsVision Support forVitamin A
  162. Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age.
    Imdad A; Mayo-Wilson E; Haykal MR; Regan A; Sidhu J; Smith A; Bhutta ZA · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022
    Meta-analysis1,223,856 participants47 studies pooledVision Support forVitamin A
  163. Vitamin A supplementation improves retinal function in infants at risk of retinopathy of prematurity.
    Mactier H; McCulloch DL; Hamilton R; Galloway P; Bradnam MS; Young D; Lavy T; Farrell L; Weaver LT · The Journal of pediatrics · 2012
    Randomized trial89 participantsVision Support forVitamin A
  164. Effect of short-term, high-dose retinol on dark adaptation in aging and early age-related maculopathy.
    Owsley C; McGwin G; Jackson GR; Heimburger DC; Piyathilake CJ; Klein R; White MF; Kallies K · Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2006
    Randomized trial104 participantsVision Support forVitamin A
  165. Role of Oral Vitamin 'C' on Astigmatic Errors in Phacoemulsification.
    Mohan S; Sah K; Khattri M; Ahmad L; Sachan SK · Current eye research · 2021
    Randomized trial400 participantsVision Support forVitamin C
  166. Ascorbic acid metabolites are involved in intraocular pressure control in the general population.
    Hysi PG; Khawaja AP; Menni C; Tamraz B; Wareham N; Khaw KT; Foster PJ; Benet LZ; Spector TD; Hammond CJ · Redox biology · 2019
    Observational studyVision Support forVitamin C
  167. Nutritional modulation of cataract.
    Weikel KA; Garber C; Baburins A; Taylor A · Nutrition reviews · 2014
    Narrative reviewVision Support forVitamin C
  168. Dietary n-3 Fatty Acid, α-Tocopherol, Zinc, vitamin D, vitamin C, and β-carotene are Associated with Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Japan.
    Aoki A; Inoue M; Nguyen E; Obata R; Kadonosono K; Shinkai S; Hashimoto H; Sasaki S; Yanagi Y · Scientific reports · 2017
    Case-control study530 participantsVision Support forVitamin C Vision Support forVitamin E
  169. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet, lifestyle and age-related macular degeneration: the Coimbra Eye Study - report 3.
    Raimundo M; Mira F; Cachulo MDL; Barreto P; Ribeiro L; Farinha C; Laíns I; Nunes S; Alves D; Figueira J; Merle BM; Delcourt C; Santos L; Silva R · Acta ophthalmologica · 2019
    Case-control study883 participantsVision Support forVitamin C
  170. Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age-related macular degeneration.
    Evans JR; Lawrenson JG · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018
    Meta-analysis55,614 participants4 studies pooledVision Support forVitamin E
  171. Dietary carotenoids, vitamins C and E, and risk of cataract in women: a prospective study.
    Christen WG; Liu S; Glynn RJ; Gaziano JM; Buring JE · Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) · 2008
    Cohort study35,551 participantsVision Support forVitamin E
  172. Long-term nutrient intake and 5-year change in nuclear lens opacities.
    Jacques PF; Taylor A; Moeller S; Hankinson SE; Rogers G; Tung W; Ludovico J; Willett WC; Chylack LT · Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) · 2005
    Cohort study408 participantsVision Support forVitamin E
  173. Dietary intake of antioxidants and risk of age-related macular degeneration.
    van Leeuwen R; Boekhoorn S; Vingerling JR; Witteman JC; Klaver CC; Hofman A; de Jong PT · JAMA · 2005
    Cohort study4,765 participantsVision Support forVitamin E
  174. Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for age-related macular degeneration.
    Evans JR · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2002
    Systematic review170 participants7 studies pooledVision Support forZinc
  175. Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for slowing the progression of age-related macular degeneration.
    Evans JR; Lawrenson JG · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023
    Meta-analysis3,790 participants5 studies pooledVision Support forZinc
  176. Oral zinc in macular degeneration.
    Newsome DA; Swartz M; Leone NC; Elston RC; Miller E · Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) · 1988
    Randomized trial151 participantsVision Support forZinc
  177. A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss: AREDS report no. 8.
    Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group · Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960) · 2001
    Randomized trial3,640 participantsVision Support forZinc
  178. Effect of vitamin A and zinc supplementation on the nutriture of children in Northeast Thailand.
    Udomkesmalee E; Dhanamitta S; Sirisinha S; Charoenkiatkul S; Tuntipopipat S; Banjong O; Rojroongwasinkul N; Kramer TR; Smith JC · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 1992
    Randomized trial133 participantsVision Support forZinc