Product Image

Serious Mass Strawberry

Optimum Nutrition
4.3
★ ★ ★ ★ ★
(10514 ratings)
Sodium 570 mg
Niacin 50 mg
Choline 250 mg
Potassium 880 mg
Phosphorus 490 mg
Biotin 300 mcg
Copper 1 mg
Product Image
Score66
A direct tool for aggressive mass gain, but the huge carbohydrate amount, bulky serving, and limited package life reduce everyday practicality.
How scoring works
Quantity:6 Pound(s) • (8 servings)
Goals:
Fitness
General Health
Bone Health
Hair Health

Score 66

A direct tool for aggressive mass gain, but the huge carbohydrate amount, bulky serving, and limited package life reduce everyday practicality.
How scoring works

Also available as

4 options
Chocolate 336 Gram(s) • 6 lb(s) • 8 servings $48.49 ($6.06 per serving) Chocolate Peanut Butter 168 Gram(s) • 6 Pound(s) • 8 servings $56.99 ($7.12 per serving) Banana 336 Gram(s) • 6 Pound(s) • 8 servings $64.99 ($8.12 per serving) Vanilla 168 Gram(s) • 6 Pound(s) • 8 servings $64.99 ($8.12 per serving)
$64.99($8.12 per serving)
iHerb
$ 64.99
Vitacost
$ 50.99
Amazon
$ 64.99
Report prices

Analysis

The full serving provides 1,250 calories, 50 grams of protein, and three grams of creatine monohydrate. That profile is directly useful for people who cannot reach a mass-gain calorie target with ordinary meals.

Carbohydrate supplies most of the energy, and the amount is too high for casual use or a balanced meal replacement. Several mineral forms are clearly named, but the small inositol and PABA additions have little practical impact.

A full portion may be difficult to mix and digest, and only a small number of servings come in the package. Dividing the dose can help tolerance while preserving its role as supplemental calories.

Who is it for
  • Hard gainers needing a large calorie supplement
  • Lifters who want protein and creatine together
Best for
  • High-calorie bulking diets
  • Post-training mass-gain shakes

Pros

  • Supplies 50 grams of protein
  • Includes three grams of creatine monohydrate
  • Very high calories support a deliberate surplus

Cons

  • More than 250 grams of carbohydrate per full serving
  • Oversized serving may be difficult to tolerate
  • Small supporting extras add little value

Warnings

  • The extreme carbohydrate load may sharply raise blood glucose and is poorly suited to people managing diabetes or insulin resistance
  • Creatine and the very large serving may cause bloating or digestive upset
  • Review the added vitamins and minerals against other supplements to avoid unnecessary duplication

Nutrient quality

69 High impact

Vitamin D3, natural vitamin E, citrate, selenomethionine, and several chelated minerals are useful forms. Protein, carbohydrate, creatine, and several minerals are supplied in substantial amounts.

Ingredient transparency

80 Highest impact

Every listed active has a specific amount. Inactive ingredients are not supplied.

Customer satisfaction

67 High impact

The supplied average indicates mixed aggregate satisfaction. No detailed experience reports are available to identify repeated complaints or confirm perceived benefits.

Value for money

41 Lower impact

The large macronutrient serving supports some value, but the bottle provides very few servings. Serving value is weak because each use is expensive.

Report analysis

Goals

Fitness
Fitness
Impact
Highest effect
A+ Goal FitA Strength of SupportA CoverageA- Formula Quality
Magnesium · 125 mgVitamin D · 5 mcgCreatine · 3 Gram(s)

Fifty grams of protein, a large carbohydrate load, and 3 grams of creatine directly support calorie surplus, training fuel, muscle repair, and strength work. Creatine monohydrate is one of the most established sports-performance ingredients and is provided close to a common daily maintenance amount.

The serving also contains 570 mg sodium, 880 mg potassium, and 125 mg magnesium, which may assist intake around demanding training. The very large calorie and carbohydrate load suits intentional mass gain but is excessive for many routine workouts.

Study evidence
Creatine Supportive 143 studies
Magnesium Disputed 29 studies
Potassium No effect 7 studies
Sodium Supportive 96 studies
General Health
General Health
Impact
High effect
C Goal FitA- Strength of SupportB+ CoverageB- Formula Quality
Folate · 680 mcg DFEVitamin B12 · 10 mcgVitamin D · 5 mcgMagnesium · 125 mgSelenium · 70 mcgZinc · 15 mgVitamin C · 60 mgCreatine · 3 Gram(s)

The formula supplies protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and creatine, but its main purpose is high-calorie weight gain rather than everyday foundational support. Its nutrient breadth can help people with unusually high energy needs, yet it is poorly matched to routine general wellness.

Many active amounts and forms are disclosed, including organic selenium and several useful mineral forms. The very large carbohydrate load, high cholesterol, and many fortified nutrients make it a specialized mass-gainer that should be matched to energy needs.

Study evidence
Creatine Supportive 42 studies
Selenium Supportive 70 studies
Bone Health
Bone Health
Impact
High effect
B Goal FitB- Strength of SupportB CoverageC+ Formula Quality
Phosphorus · 490 mgMagnesium · 125 mgCalcium · 630 mgVitamin D · 5 mcgCopper · 1 mgManganese · 2 mgZinc · 15 mgVitamin C · 60 mg

Substantial calcium and phosphorus provide bone mineral material, while protein supports the organic matrix and muscle loading that helps maintain bone. Magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese, potassium, and vitamin D add broader nutritional support.

The calcium amount is slightly high for one efficient absorption window, vitamin D is low, and vitamin K is absent. The very large carbohydrate serving makes the product a mass gainer rather than a focused bone supplement.

Study evidence
Calcium Supportive 144 studies
Copper Disputed 20 studies
Magnesium Supportive 48 studies
Manganese Adverse 12 studies
Phosphorus Supportive 44 studies
Potassium Supportive 39 studies
Vitamin D Supportive 202 studies
Zinc Supportive 33 studies
Hair Health
Hair Health
Impact
High effect
C Goal FitB+ Strength of SupportC+ CoverageD Formula Quality
Biotin · 300 mcgVitamin D · 5 mcgZinc · 15 mgIron · 6 mgVitamin C · 60 mg

A substantial protein serving supplies amino acids needed for keratin production, while zinc, biotin, selenium, copper, and vitamins support normal follicles. The protein is not a hair-specific keratin or collagen peptide source.

Hair benefits would mainly apply when total protein or micronutrient intake is inadequate. The calorie-dense mass-gain formula is poorly focused for someone seeking targeted hair support.

Study evidence
Biotin Supportive 4 studies
Copper Adverse 4 studies
Iron Disputed 25 studies
Selenium Disputed 7 studies
Vitamin D Disputed 34 studies
Zinc Supportive 22 studies

Ingredients

IngredientAmount per serving
Calories
1250 Calorie(s)
Total Fat
3.5 Gram(s)
Cholesterol
105 mg
Total Carbohydrate
254 Gram(s)
Protein
50 Gram(s)
Vitamin A (Beta-Carotene)
 750 mcg
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
 60 mg
Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol)
 5 mcg
Vitamin E (D-Alpha-Tocopheryl Succinate)
 20 mg
Thiamine (Thiamine Mononitrate)
 4.8 mg
Riboflavin
4 mg
Niacin (Niacinamide)
 50 mg
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine Hydrochloride)
 5 mg
Folate (Folic Acid)
 680 mcg DFE
Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)
 10 mcg
Biotin (D-Biotin)
 300 mcg
Pantothenic Acid (D-Calcium Pantothenate)
 25 mg
Choline (Choline Bitartrate)
 250 mg
Calcium (Calcium Citrate, Dicalcium Phosphate)
 630 mg
Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)
 6 mg
Phosphorus (Dicalcium Phosphate, Dipotassium Phosphate)
 490 mg
Iodine (Potassium Iodide)
 53 mcg
Magnesium (Magnesium Aspartate)
 125 mg
Zinc (Zinc Citrate)
 15 mg
Selenium (Selenomethionine)
 70 mcg
Copper (Cupric Gluconate)
 1 mg
Manganese (Manganese Amino Acid Chelate)
 2 mg
Chromium (Chromium Polynicotinate)
 120 mcg
Molybdenum (Molybdenum Amino Acid Chelate)
 80 mcg
Sodium
570 mg
Potassium (Dipotassium Phosphate)
 880 mg
Creatine Monohydrate
3 Gram(s)
L-Glutamine
500 mg
Inositol
250 mg
Para-Aminobenzoic Acid
5 mg
Adults 18–50
Report overview
Sodium · 570 mg OverallScore75
C Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityA Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyB- Value

An undisclosed sodium source limits confidence in ingredient quality. The sodium dose is well suited to meaningful athletic replenishment. Well-chosen supporting electrolytes strengthen the mineral profile, while the broader nutrition formula helps offset weak electrolyte-only value.

View ingredientView products
Niacin (Niacinamide) · 50 mg OverallScore72
B+ Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityA- Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyF Value

The 50 mg niacinamide amount is clearly disclosed and suits general vitamin support with little expected flushing. A standard powder delivery offers no special release advantage, while the broader mass-gainer formula is designed mainly for calories and protein. The very costly serving makes it a poor choice when niacin is the main goal.

View ingredientView products
Choline (Choline Bitartrate) · 250 mg OverallScore67
C+ Active Ingredient Quality & BioavailabilityA- Dose, Safety & Label TransparencyF Value

Choline bitartrate is a suitable systemic form, but it is less targeted to cognitive delivery than Alpha-GPC or citicoline, and the 250 mg choline serving provides a substantial elemental amount. The stated amount requires a one-to-two-unit serving, while the cost per 100 mg of choline is high for a standard systemic form. The very large calorie, carbohydrate, sodium, and potassium load suits intentional mass gain rather than routine choline supplementation.

View ingredientView products
Loading alternative details
75 Performance

Pea Protein Vanilla Toffee

NOW Sports
<p>A substantial pea-protein serving with low carbohydrate gives the formula a clearer protein focus than the original's extreme carbohydrate load. Relatively high sodium and missing amino-acid details remain limitations, while deliberate weight gain would require added food calories.</p>
78 Performance

Classic Whey Chocolate Milkshake

NutraBio
<p>A straightforward whey-concentrate serving provides substantial protein without the original's very large calorie and carbohydrate burden. Cholesterol and limited heart-health relevance remain trade-offs, and the leaner profile is not a direct mass-gainer replacement.</p>
64 Performance

100% Mass Gainer Chocolate Fudge Brownie

MuscleTech
<p>Large carbohydrate, protein, creatine, and amino-acid amounts closely match the intended mass-gain role. Its fitness alignment is strong, but conflicting label quantities and an extreme serving profile prevent a clear quality advantage in every respect.</p>
59 Budget

Carnivor Mass Vanilla Caramel

MuscleMeds
<p>A lower serving cost still delivers a very large protein and carbohydrate serving for deliberate mass gain. The central protein and carbohydrate sources are not characterized, and its high sodium and energy load preserve many of the original's drawbacks.</p>
67 Budget

Warrior Blend Protein Mocha

Sunwarrior
<p>A substantial plant-protein serving provides a much lower-cost route to fitness nutrition. Its protein blend and amino-acid profile are not supplied, and it lacks the original's concentrated calories and creatine for rapid weight gain.</p>
67 Budget

Plant-Based Protein 20 g Vanilla

California Gold Nutrition SPORT
<p>A useful plant-protein serving with modest carbohydrate lowers recurring cost substantially. The protein sources and amino-acid profile are unclear, and the formula supports routine protein intake rather than aggressive mass gain.</p>
57 Value

100% Mass Gainer Vanilla Milkshake

Iovate Health Sciences (MuscleTech)
<p>A lower serving cost retains a large carbohydrate, protein, creatine, and amino-acid approach for mass gain. The very large energy load, short supply, and unfavorable sodium-to-potassium balance weaken broader nutritional value.</p>
74 Value

Organic Pumpkin Seed Protein Unflavored

NOW Sports
<p>A simple pumpkin-seed powder supplies protein, magnesium, potassium, iron, and zinc at a low recurring cost. Its protein amount is more modest and no amino-acid profile is supplied, but the formula is much easier to fit into routine nutrition.</p>
60 Value

Vegan Smart All-In-One Nutritional Shake Chocolate

Naturade
<p>Plant protein, fiber, and a broad micronutrient profile provide more balanced meal-style nutrition at a lower serving cost. Hidden blend totals and high sodium reduce transparency, while the lower energy density makes it less suited to rapid mass gain.</p>
Report alternatives

Sources

Published studies used for the product analysis and the top-ranked studies for each ingredient and goal.

  1. What is the impact of daily oral supplementation of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) plus calcium on the incidence of hip fracture in older people? A systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Manoj P; Derwin R; George S · International journal of older people nursing · 2023
    Meta-analysis12,620 participants7 studies pooledBone Health forCalcium
  2. Calcium supplementation prevents seasonal bone loss and changes in biochemical markers of bone turnover in elderly New England women: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.
    Storm D; Eslin R; Porter ES; Musgrave K; Vereault D; Patton C; Kessenich C; Mohan S; Chen T; Holick MF; Rosen CJ · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 1998
    Randomized trial60 participantsBone Health forCalcium
  3. The effects of calcium supplementation (milk powder or tablets) and exercise on bone density in postmenopausal women.
    Prince R; Devine A; Dick I; Criddle A; Kerr D; Kent N; Price R; Randell A · Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 1995
    Randomized trial168 participantsBone Health forCalcium
  4. The efficacy of calcium supplementation alone in elderly Thai women over a 2-year period: a randomized controlled trial.
    Rajatanavin R; Chailurkit L; Saetung S; Thakkinstian A; Nimitphong H · Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2014
    Randomized trial404 participantsBone Health forCalcium
  5. Calcium-enriched foods and bone mass growth in prepubertal girls: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
    Bonjour JP; Carrie AL; Ferrari S; Clavien H; Slosman D; Theintz G; Rizzoli R · The Journal of clinical investigation · 1997
    Randomized trial149 participantsBone Health forCalcium
  6. The Association between Dietary and Circulating Copper Levels and Osteoporosis: a Scoping Review.
    Ju Y; Xiong W; Pang Y; Chen Z; Hou J; Zheng S; Li Z; Liu T; Xia H; Xia M; Zhong Y; Li J; Jiang X · Biological trace element research · 2026
    Scoping review18 studies pooledBone Health forCopper
  7. Association between dietary copper, iron, zinc, selenium intake and osteopenia or osteoporosis in elderly hypertensive patients: a retrospective cohort study.
    Chen M; Jia L; Gao R · Frontiers in nutrition · 2024
    Cohort study5,286 participantsBone Health forCopper
  8. Associations of dietary copper intake with total bone mineral density and lumbar spine bone mineral density in American adults.
    Hu M; Wang Z; Li C; Zheng Y; Hu J · Medicine · 2025
    Cross-sectional studyBone Health forCopper
  9. The association between dietary mineral intake and bone mineral density: a cross-sectional study.
    Wei M; Wei J; Huang S · Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025
    Cross-sectional study11,520 participantsBone Health forCopper
  10. Association between dietary copper intake and bone mineral density in children and adolescents aged 8-19 years: A cross-sectional study.
    Cui A; Yan J; Li H; Fan Z; Wei X; Wang H; Zhuang Y · PloS one · 2024
    Cross-sectional study6,965 participantsBone Health forCopper
  11. Association between Serum Magnesium and Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.
    Dominguez LJ; Veronese N; Ciriminna S; Pérez-Albela JL; Vásquez-López VF; Rodas-Regalado S; Di Bella G; Parisi A; Tagliaferri F; Barbagallo M · Nutrients · 2023
    Meta-analysis119,755 participants4 studies pooledBone Health forMagnesium
  12. Bioabsorbable Magnesium-Based Materials Potential and Safety in Bone Surgery: A Systematic Review.
    Hung CH; Kwok YC; Yip J; Wong HH; Leung YY · Craniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction · 2025
    Systematic review386 participants8 studies pooledBone Health forMagnesium
  13. Vascularized bone grafting fixed by biodegradable magnesium screw for treating osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
    Zhao D; Huang S; Lu F; Wang B; Yang L; Qin L; Yang K; Li Y; Li W; Wang W; Tian S; Zhang X; Gao W; Wang Z; Zhang Y; Xie X; Wang J; Li J · Biomaterials · 2016
    Randomized trial48 participantsBone Health forMagnesium
  14. An update on magnesium and bone health.
    Rondanelli M; Faliva MA; Tartara A; Gasparri C; Perna S; Infantino V; Riva A; Petrangolini G; Peroni G · Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2022
    Narrative reviewBone Health forMagnesium
  15. Sex-specific differences in the association of magnesium intake with femoral neck bone mineral density among older adults.
    Wang B; Tan X; Yao X; Zhu Z · Endocrine connections · 2025
    Cross-sectional study1,343 participantsBone Health forMagnesium
  16. Risk of Environmental Chemicals on Bone Fractures Is Independent of Low Bone Mass in US Adults: Insights from 2017 to 2018 NHANES.
    Ling R; Ai Y; Chen C; Zhang J; Zou Z; Cheng S; Li C; Li X; Wang B · Metabolites · 2023
    Cross-sectional study2,640 participantsBone Health forManganese
  17. The Manganese-Bone Connection: Investigating the Role of Manganese in Bone Health.
    Taskozhina G; Batyrova G; Umarova G; Issanguzhina Z; Kereyeva N · Journal of clinical medicine · 2024
    Narrative reviewBone Health forManganese
  18. Associations of multiple metals with bone mineral density: A population-based study in US adults.
    Wei MH; Cui Y; Zhou HL; Song WJ; Di DS; Zhang RY; Huang Q; Liu JA; Wang Q · Chemosphere · 2021
    Cross-sectional studyBone Health forManganese
  19. Sex-specific associations of urinary mixed-metal concentrations with femoral bone mineral density among older people: an NHANES (2017-2020) analysis.
    Li H; Li G; Yi M; Zhou J; Deng Y; Huang Y; He S; Meng X; Liu L · Frontiers in public health · 2024
    Cross-sectional study31 participantsBone Health forManganese
  20. Relationship between blood manganese and bone mineral density and bone mineral content in adults: A population-based cross-sectional study.
    Wang C; Zhu Y; Long H; Ou M; Zhao S · PloS one · 2022
    Cross-sectional study9,732 participantsBone Health forManganese
  21. Dairy product consumption, eating habits, sedentary behaviour and physical activity association with bone mineral density among adolescent boys: a cross-sectional observational study.
    Kopiczko A; Czapla M; Juárez-Vela R; Ross C; Uchmanowicz B · BMC pediatrics · 2024
    Cross-sectional study115 participantsBone Health forPhosphorus
  22. Burosumab Improved Histomorphometric Measures of Osteomalacia in Adults with X-Linked Hypophosphatemia: A Phase 3, Single-Arm, International Trial.
    Insogna KL; Rauch F; Kamenický P; Ito N; Kubota T; Nakamura A; Zhang L; Mealiffe M; San Martin J; Portale AA · Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2020
    Single-arm trial14 participantsBone Health forPhosphorus
  23. Early high calcium and phosphorus intake by parenteral nutrition prevents short-term bone strength decline in preterm infants.
    Pereira-da-Silva L; Costa A; Pereira L; Filipe A; Virella D; Leal E; Moreira A; Rosa M; Mendes L; Serelha M · Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2011
    Randomized trialBone Health forPhosphorus
  24. Phosphate Metabolism in Health and Disease.
    Peacock M · Calcified tissue international · 2021
    Narrative reviewBone Health forPhosphorus
  25. Expert consensus on clinical management of metabolic bone disease of prematurity (2021).
    Yan-Mei C; Xin-Zhu L; Rong Z; Xi-Hong L; Xiao-Mei T; Ping-Yang C; Zhi-Chun F; Nutritional Committee of Neonatology Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association; Neonatal Nutrition and Health Management Group, Professional Committee of Child Health, Chinese Medical Doctor Association; Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics. · Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2021
    Guideline / consensusBone Health forPhosphorus
  26. Effect of potassium citrate on bone density, microarchitecture, and fracture risk in healthy older adults without osteoporosis: a randomized controlled trial.
    Jehle S; Hulter HN; Krapf R · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2013
    Randomized trial201 participantsBone Health forPotassium
  27. Long-term persistence of the urine calcium-lowering effect of potassium bicarbonate in postmenopausal women.
    Frassetto L; Morris RC; Sebastian A · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2005
    Randomized trial170 participantsBone Health forPotassium
  28. Partial neutralization of the acidogenic Western diet with potassium citrate increases bone mass in postmenopausal women with osteopenia.
    Jehle S; Zanetti A; Muser J; Hulter HN; Krapf R · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2007
    Randomized trial161 participantsBone Health forPotassium
  29. Potassium citrate supplementation results in sustained improvement in calcium balance in older men and women.
    Moseley KF; Weaver CM; Appel L; Sebastian A; Sellmeyer DE · Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2013
    Randomized trial52 participantsBone Health forPotassium
  30. Effects of potassium chloride and potassium bicarbonate on endothelial function, cardiovascular risk factors, and bone turnover in mild hypertensives.
    He FJ; Marciniak M; Carney C; Markandu ND; Anand V; Fraser WD; Dalton RN; Kaski JC; MacGregor GA · Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2010
    Randomized trial42 participantsBone Health forPotassium
  31. Pregnancy vitamin D supplementation and offspring bone mineral density in childhood follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.
    Moon RJ; D' Angelo S; Curtis EM; Ward KA; Crozier SR; Schoenmakers I; Javaid MK; Bishop NJ; Godfrey KM; Cooper C; Harvey NC; MAVIDOS Trial Group · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2024
    Randomized trial454 participantsBone Health forVitamin D
  32. Vitamin D analogs and bone: preclinical and clinical studies with eldecalcitol.
    Matsumoto T; Takano T; Saito H; Takahashi F · BoneKEy reports · 2014
    Narrative reviewBone Health forVitamin D
  33. Efficacy of vitamin D fortified foods on bone mineral density and serum bone biomarkers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional studies.
    Tangestani H; Djafarian K; Emamat H; Arabzadegan N; Shab-Bidar S · Critical reviews in food science and nutrition · 2020
    Meta-analysis1,786 participants20 studies pooledBone Health forVitamin D
  34. Cholecalciferol Supplementation Attenuates Bone Loss in Incident Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Prespecified Secondary Endpoint Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.
    Tsujita M; Doi Y; Obi Y; Hamano T; Tomosugi T; Futamura K; Okada M; Hiramitsu T; Goto N; Isaka Y; Takeda A; Narumi S; Watarai Y · Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2022
    Randomized trial193 participantsBone Health forVitamin D
  35. Vitamin D supplementation and bone health in post-menopausal women: a 24-month randomized controlled intervention with enhanced bioavailability formulations.
    Rasool N; Munir Y · European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026
    Randomized trial612 participantsBone Health forVitamin D
  36. Increased incidence of fractures in middle-aged and elderly men with low intakes of phosphorus and zinc.
    Elmståhl S; Gullberg B; Janzon L; Johnell O; Elmståhl B · Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 1999
    Cohort study6,576 participantsBone Health forZinc
  37. Zinc Supplementation Increases Procollagen Type 1 Amino-Terminal Propeptide in Premenarcheal Girls: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
    Berger PK; Pollock NK; Laing EM; Chertin V; Bernard PJ; Grider A; Shapses SA; Ding KH; Isales CM; Lewis RD · The Journal of nutrition · 2016
    Randomized trial147 participantsBone Health forZinc
  38. Randomized controlled trial of prenatal zinc supplementation and fetal bone growth.
    Merialdi M; Caulfield LE; Zavaleta N; Figueroa A; Costigan KA; Dominici F; Dipietro JA · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2004
    Randomized trial242 participantsBone Health forZinc
  39. The effects of zinc supplementation on serum zinc, alkaline phosphatase activity and fracture healing of bones.
    Sadighi A; Roshan MM; Moradi A; Ostadrahimi A · Saudi medical journal · 2009
    Randomized trial60 participantsBone Health forZinc
  40. Is Zinc an Important Trace Element on Bone-Related Diseases and Complications? A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review from Serum Level, Dietary Intake, and Supplementation Aspects.
    Ceylan MN; Akdas S; Yazihan N · Biological trace element research · 2021
    Meta-analysis40 studies pooledBone Health forZinc
  41. Creatine in combination with resistance training and improvement in muscle strength: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006.
    EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) · EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2026
    Guideline / consensusFitness forCreatine
  42. Effect of creatine and weight training on muscle creatine and performance in vegetarians.
    Burke DG; Chilibeck PD; Parise G; Candow DG; Mahoney D; Tarnopolsky M · Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2004
    Randomized trial42 participantsFitness forCreatine
  43. Long-term creatine intake is beneficial to muscle performance during resistance training.
    Vandenberghe K; Goris M; Van Hecke P; Van Leemputte M; Vangerven L; Hespel P · Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 1998
    Randomized trial19 participantsFitness forCreatine
  44. Effects of Combined Versus Single Supplementation of Creatine, Beta-Alanine, and L-Citrulline During Short Sprint Interval Training on Basketball Players' Performance: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.
    Li M; Sheykhlouvand M · International journal of sports physiology and performance · 2025
    Randomized trial48 participantsFitness forCreatine
  45. The Additive Effects of Creatine Supplementation and Exercise Training in an Aging Population: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
    Stares A; Bains M · Journal of geriatric physical therapy (2001) · 2021
    Systematic review17 studies pooledFitness forCreatine
  46. Total magnesium intake and risk of frailty in older women.
    Struijk EA; Fung TT; Bischoff-Ferrari HA; Willett WC; Lopez-Garcia E · Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2024
    Cohort study81,524 participantsFitness forMagnesium
  47. Dietary Magnesium May Be Protective for Aging of Bone and Skeletal Muscle in Middle and Younger Older Age Men and Women: Cross-Sectional Findings from the UK Biobank Cohort.
    Welch AA; Skinner J; Hickson M · Nutrients · 2018
    Cross-sectional study156,575 participantsFitness forMagnesium
  48. Dietary Magnesium Is Positively Associated With Skeletal Muscle Power and Indices of Muscle Mass and May Attenuate the Association Between Circulating C-Reactive Protein and Muscle Mass in Women.
    Welch AA; Kelaiditi E; Jennings A; Steves CJ; Spector TD; MacGregor A · Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2016
    Cross-sectional study2,570 participantsFitness forMagnesium
  49. Nutritional intake as a determinant of high-speed resistance and multicomponent training efficacy on strength in older women at risk of sarcopenia. A randomized clinical trial.
    Polo-Ferrero L; Recio-Rodriguez JI; González-Manzano S; Martín-Vallejo J; Barbero-Iglesias FJ; Montero-Errasquín B; Cruz-Jentoft AJ; Méndez-Sánchez R · Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2025
    Randomized trial80 participantsFitness forMagnesium
  50. Minerals and Sarcopenia in Older Adults: An Updated Systematic Review.
    van Dronkelaar C; Fultinga M; Hummel M; Kruizenga H; Weijs PJM; Tieland M · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · 2023
    Systematic review45 studies pooledFitness forMagnesium
  51. Longitudinal Association Between Sodium and Potassium Intake and Physical Performance in Older Adults.
    Lana A; Struijk EA; Ortolá R; Rodríguez-Artalejo F; Lopez-Garcia E · The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2021
    Cohort study868 participantsFitness forPotassium
  52. Exercise-induced hyperkalaemia can be reduced in human subjects by moderate training without change in skeletal muscle Na,K-ATPase concentration.
    Kjeldsen K; Nørgaard A; Hau C · European journal of clinical investigation · 1991
    Observational study15 participantsFitness forPotassium
  53. Potassium Nitrate in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
    Zamani P; Shah SJ; Cohen JB; Zhao M; Yang W; Afable JL; Caturla M; Maynard H; Pourmussa B; Demastus C; Mohanty I; Miyake MM; Adusumalli S; Margulies KB; Prenner SB; Poole DC; Wilson N; Reddy R; Townsend RR; Ischiropoulos H; Cappola TP; Chirinos JA · JAMA cardiology · 2025
    Randomized trial84 participantsFitness forPotassium
  54. Potassium Bicarbonate Supplementation Lowers Bone Turnover and Calcium Excretion in Older Men and Women: A Randomized Dose-Finding Trial.
    Dawson-Hughes B; Harris SS; Palermo NJ; Gilhooly CH; Shea MK; Fielding RA; Ceglia L · Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2016
    Randomized trial244 participantsFitness forPotassium
  55. Exercise-Associated Muscle Cramps in Ironman-Distance Triathletes Over 3 Decades.
    Nilssen PK; Johnson KB; Hiller WDB; Miller TK; Connolly CP · Clinical journal of sport medicine : official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine · 2026
    Observational study10,533 participantsFitness forPotassium
  56. Additive effects of beta-alanine and sodium bicarbonate on upper-body intermittent performance.
    Tobias G; Benatti FB; de Salles Painelli V; Roschel H; Gualano B; Sale C; Harris RC; Lancha AH; Artioli GG · Amino acids · 2013
    Randomized trial37 participantsFitness forSodium
  57. Sodium Hyperhydration Improves Performance With No Change in Thermal and Cardiovascular Strain in Female Cyclists Exercising in the Heat Across the Menstrual Cycle.
    Convit L; Orellana L; Périard JD; Carr AJ; Warmington S; Beaugeois M; Abraham A; Snipe RMJ · International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism · 2025
    Randomized trial12 participantsFitness forSodium
  58. Sodium bicarbonate supplementation improves severe-intensity intermittent exercise under moderate acute hypoxic conditions.
    Deb SK; Gough LA; Sparks SA; McNaughton LR · European journal of applied physiology · 2018
    Randomized trial11 participantsFitness forSodium
  59. International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: sodium bicarbonate and exercise performance.
    Grgic J; Pedisic Z; Saunders B; Artioli GG; Schoenfeld BJ; McKenna MJ; Bishop DJ; Kreider RB; Stout JR; Kalman DS; Arent SM; VanDusseldorp TA; Lopez HL; Ziegenfuss TN; Burke LM; Antonio J; Campbell BI · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2021
    Guideline / consensusFitness forSodium
  60. The effects of sodium bicarbonate ingestion on swimming interval performance in trained competitive swimmers.
    Gough LA; Newbury JW; Price M · European journal of applied physiology · 2023
    Randomized trial14 participantsFitness forSodium
  61. Effects of high-load, velocity-intentional variable resistance training combined with creatine supplementation on neuroplasticity, oxidative stress, inflammation, physical function, cognitive performance and quality of life in older adults: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
    Fernandez-Garrido J; Martin EG; Saez-Berlanga A; Gargallo-Bayo P; Gene-Morales J; Alix-Fages C; Jiménez-Martínez P; Caballero O; Salvador-Palmer R; Colado JC · Experimental gerontology · 2026
    Randomized trial103 participantsGeneral Health forCreatine
  62. The impact of creatine supplementation associated with resistance training on muscular strength and lean tissue mass in the aged: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Liu S; Huang N; Wu W; OuYang X; Luo Y; Zhong Y; Wang M; Xiao L · European review of aging and physical activity : official journal of the European Group for Research into Elderly and Physical Activity · 2026
    Meta-analysis482 participants8 studies pooledGeneral Health forCreatine
  63. Creatine supplementation during pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
    Fuld JP; Kilduff LP; Neder JA; Pitsiladis Y; Lean ME; Ward SA; Cotton MM · Thorax · 2005
    Randomized trial38 participantsGeneral Health forCreatine
  64. A multi-metabolite signature robustly predicts long-term mortality in the PREDIMED trial and several US cohorts.
    Fernández-Duval G; Razquin C; Wang F; Yun H; Hu J; Guasch-Ferré M; Rexrode K; Balasubramanian R; García-Gavilán J; Ruiz-Canela M; Clish CB; Corella D; Gómez-Gracia E; Fiol M; Estruch R; Lapetra J; Fitó M; Serra-Majem L; Ros E; Liang L; Dennis C; Asensio EM; Castañer O; Planes FJ; Salas-Salvadó J; Hu FB; Toledo E; Martínez-González MA · Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2025
    Cohort study1,878 participantsGeneral Health forCreatine
  65. Plasma creatine, estimated intramuscular creatine, transcellular gradient and the risk of mortality: Results from the PREVEND study.
    Doorenbos CSE; Post A; Stegmann ME; Franssen CFM; Dullaart RPF; Navis G; Connelly MA; Bakker SJL · European journal of clinical investigation · 2026
    Cohort study5,127 participantsGeneral Health forCreatine
  66. Associations of selenium status with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.
    Cui Z; Xie R; Lu X; Schomburg L; Brenner H; Schöttker B · Redox biology · 2025
    Meta-analysis95 participants20 studies pooledGeneral Health forSelenium
  67. Dietary Antioxidants, Circulating Antioxidant Concentrations, Total Antioxidant Capacity, and Risk of All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Observational Studies.
    Jayedi A; Rashidy-Pour A; Parohan M; Zargar MS; Shab-Bidar S · Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2019
    Meta-analysis507,251 participants41 studies pooledGeneral Health forSelenium
  68. The efficacy and safety of selenium supplementation versus placebo in the treatment of Graves' orbitopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
    Sharabati I; Qafesha RM; Hindawi MD; Amro S; Ayesh BM · Clinical endocrinology · 2024
    Meta-analysis4 studies pooledGeneral Health forSelenium
  69. Associations of plasma metal concentrations with the risks of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in Chinese adults.
    Shi L; Yuan Y; Xiao Y; Long P; Li W; Yu Y; Liu Y; Liu K; Wang H; Zhou L; Yang H; Li X; He M; Wu T · Environment international · 2021
    Cohort study6,155 participantsGeneral Health forSelenium
  70. Updates on clinical studies of selenium supplementation in radiotherapy.
    Puspitasari IM; Abdulah R; Yamazaki C; Kameo S; Nakano T; Koyama H · Radiation oncology (London, England) · 2015
    Systematic review16 studies pooledGeneral Health forSelenium
  71. The Role of Sesbania grandiflora-Derived Biotin and Bambusa arundinacea-Derived Silica Extracts in Promoting Hair, Skin, and Nail Health: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study.
    Patel MN; Maheshvari J; Patel N · Cureus · 2025
    Randomized trial105 participantsHair Health forBiotin
  72. Low serum biotinidase activity in children with valproic acid monotherapy.
    Schulpis KH; Karikas GA; Tjamouranis J; Regoutas S; Tsakiris S · Epilepsia · 2001
    Clinical trial125 participantsHair Health forBiotin
  73. Vitamins A, B, C, and D: A Short Review for the Dermatologist.
    Coerdt KM; Goggins CA; Khachemoune A · Alternative therapies in health and medicine · 2021
    Narrative reviewHair Health forBiotin
  74. The Infatuation With Biotin Supplementation: Is There Truth Behind Its Rising Popularity? A Comparative Analysis of Clinical Efficacy versus Social Popularity.
    Soleymani T; Lo Sicco K; Shapiro J · Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD · 2018
    Narrative reviewHair Health forBiotin
  75. Menkes disease and response to copper histidine: An Indian case series.
    Yoganathan S; Sudhakar SV; Arunachal G; Thomas M; Subramanian A; George R; Danda S · Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology · 2022
    Case series4 participantsHair Health forCopper
  76. Trace element levels in alopecia areata.
    Bhat YJ; Manzoor S; Khan AR; Qayoom S · Indian journal of dermatology, venereology and leprology · 2009
    Case-control study100 participantsHair Health forCopper
  77. UV damage to hair and the effect of antioxidants and metal chelators.
    Millington KR; Marsh JM · International journal of cosmetic science · 2021
    In vitro / ex vivo studyHair Health forCopper
  78. Preserving fibre health: reducing oxidative stress throughout the life of the hair fibre.
    Marsh JM; Davis MG; Lucas RL; Reilman R; Styczynski PB; Li C; Mamak M; McComb DW; Williams RE; Godfrey S; Navqi KR; Chechik V · International journal of cosmetic science · 2016
    In vitro / ex vivo studyHair Health forCopper
  79. The Association Between Alopecia Areata and Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Large-Scale Population-Based Case-Control Study.
    Davidovici B; Drutin Y; Ben-Tov A; Mimouni D; Wohl Y · Journal of personalized medicine · 2026
    Case-control study100,203 participantsHair Health forIron
  80. Iron Deficiency and Nonscarring Alopecia in Women: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
    Treister-Goltzman Y; Yarza S; Peleg R · Skin appendage disorders · 2022
    Meta-analysis10,029 participants36 studies pooledHair Health forIron
  81. Comparative Analysis of Postoperative Hair Loss and Micronutrient Deficiencies After One-Anastomosis Gastric Bypass Versus Sleeve Gastrectomy.
    Chinisaz F; Maleki T; Najjari K; Miratashi Yazdi SA · Obesity surgery · 2026
    Cohort study261 participantsHair Health forIron
  82. Assessment of Serum Ferritin Levels in Female Patients With Telogen Effluvium.
    Thamotharan N; Harikumar MV; Sundaram M; Swaminathan A; Rangarajan S · Cureus · 2026
    Cross-sectional study100 participantsHair Health forIron
  83. Diagnosis and treatment of female alopecia: Focusing on the iron deficiency-related alopecia.
    Lin CS; Chan LY; Wang JH; Chang CH · Tzu chi medical journal · 2023
    Cohort study155 participantsHair Health forIron
  84. Beyond Efficacy: 0.6% Selenium Disulfide Shampoo Matches 2% Ketoconazole for Seborrheic Dermatitis with Superior Cosmesis.
    Farris PK; Barbosa V; Houshman EB; Kovylkina N · Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD · 2026
    Randomized trial87 participantsHair Health forSelenium
  85. Selenium Disulfide-based shampoo applied for 4 weeks significantly improves dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis.
    Turcu G; Artenie C; Nowicka D; Arenbergerová M; Lazaridou E; Khobzei K; Ataseven A; Part M; Leclerc-Mercier S · European journal of dermatology : EJD · 2023
    Observational study1,407 participantsHair Health forSelenium
  86. A Comparative Randomized Clinical Study Assessing the Efficacy of a 1% Selenium Disulfide-Based Shampoo versus 2% Ketoconazole Shampoo in Subjects with Moderate to Severe Scalp Seborrheic Dermatitis.
    Barbosa V; Melo DF; Vañó-Galván S; Lutchmanen-Kolanthan V; Sant'Anna B; Leclerc-Mercier S; Reygagne P · Skin appendage disorders · 2025
    Randomized trial64 participantsHair Health forSelenium
  87. Changes of serum trace elements level in patients with alopecia areata: A meta-analysis.
    Jin W; Zheng H; Shan B; Wu Y · The Journal of dermatology · 2018
    Meta-analysis764 participantsHair Health forSelenium
  88. Scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake level for selenium.
    EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA); Turck D; Bohn T; Castenmiller J; de Henauw S; Hirsch-Ernst KI; Knutsen HK; Maciuk A; Mangelsdorf I; McArdle HJ; Peláez C; Pentieva K; Siani A; Thies F; Tsabouri S; Vinceti M; Aggett P; Crous Bou M; Cubadda F; Ciccolallo L; de Sesmaisons Lecarré A; Fabiani L; Titz A; Naska A · EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2023
    Systematic reviewHair Health forSelenium
  89. Increased prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with alopecia areata: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Lee S; Kim BJ; Lee CH; Lee WS · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2018
    Meta-analysis2,039 participants14 studies pooledHair Health forVitamin D
  90. Intralesional vitamin D3 in treatment of alopecia areata: A randomized controlled clinical trial.
    Rashad AF; Elgamal E; Fouda I · Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2022
    Randomized trial60 participantsHair Health forVitamin D
  91. Vitamin D and its Analogs in Treatment of Mild to Moderate Alopecia Areata: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
    Alsaati AA; Kaliyadan F; Alsaadoun D; Alzakry LM; Alzabadin RA; Hakami TH; Rubaian NFB · Indian dermatology online journal · 2025
    Meta-analysisHair Health forVitamin D
  92. Topical calcipotriol vs narrowband ultraviolet B in treatment of alopecia areata: a randomized-controlled trial.
    El Taieb MA; Hegazy EM; Ibrahim HM; Osman AB; Abualhamd M · Archives of dermatological research · 2020
    Randomized trial60 participantsHair Health forVitamin D
  93. Serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D in non-scarring alopecia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Chen Y; Dong X; Wang Y; Li Y; Xiong L; Li L · Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2024
    Meta-analysis10,670 participants23 studies pooledHair Health forVitamin D
  94. The effects of minoxidil, 1% pyrithione zinc and a combination of both on hair density: a randomized controlled trial.
    Berger RS; Fu JL; Smiles KA; Turner CB; Schnell BM; Werchowski KM; Lammers KM · The British journal of dermatology · 2003
    Randomized trial200 participantsHair Health forZinc
  95. Incubatory environment of the scalp impacts pre-emergent hair to affect post-emergent hair cuticle integrity.
    Schwartz JR; Henry JP; Kerr KM; Flagler MJ; Page SH; Redman-Furey N · Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2018
    Randomized trialHair Health forZinc
  96. A comparison of hair quality and cosmetic acceptance following the use of two anti-dandruff shampoos.
    Draelos ZD; Kenneally DC; Hodges LT; Billhimer W; Copas M; Margraf C · The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings · 2006
    Randomized trial40 participantsHair Health forZinc
  97. BMI and levels of zinc, copper in hair, serum and urine of Turkish male patients with androgenetic alopecia.
    Ozturk P; Kurutas E; Ataseven A; Dokur N; Gumusalan Y; Gorur A; Tamer L; Inaloz S · Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS) · 2015
    Case-control study216 participantsHair Health forZinc
  98. Analysis of serum zinc and copper concentrations in hair loss.
    Kil MS; Kim CW; Kim SS · Annals of dermatology · 2013
    Case-control study342 participantsHair Health forZinc